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Recently, the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS)-2 revealed altered functional connectivity of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuitry among individuals at CHR; however, cerebellar morphology remains underinvestigated in this at-risk population, despite growing evidence of its involvement in psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this multisite study, we analyzed T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained from N = 469 CHR individuals (61% male, ages = 12\u201336 years) and N = 212 healthy controls (52% male, ages = 12\u201334 years) from NAPLS-2, with a focus on cerebellar cortex and white matter volumes separately. Symptoms were rated by the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS). The outcome by two-year follow-up was categorized as in-remission, symptomatic, prodromal-progression, or psychotic. General linear models were used for case-control comparisons and tests for volumetric associations with baseline SIPS ratings and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cerebellar cortex and white matter volumes differed between the CHR and healthy control groups at baseline, with sex moderating the difference in cortical volumes, and both sex and age moderating the difference in white matter volumes. Baseline ratings for major psychosis-risk dimensions as well as a clinical outcome at follow-up had tissue-specific associations with cerebellar volumes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings point to clinically relevant deviations in cerebellar cortex and white matter structures among CHR individuals and highlight the importance of considering the complex interplay between sex and age when studying the neuromaturational substrates of psychosis risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,17]],"date-time":"2022-11-17T15:42:59Z","timestamp":1668699779000},"page":"350-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sex- and Age-Specific Deviations in Cerebellar Structure and Their Link With Symptom Dimensions and Clinical Outcome in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5200-413X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esra","family":"Sefik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Human Genetics, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Boamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Addington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie E","family":"Bearden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5952-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin S","family":"Cadenhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara A","family":"Cornblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Zucker Hillside Hospital , Glen Oaks, NY , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matcheri S","family":"Keshavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel H","family":"Mathalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA"},{"name":"Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center , San Francisco, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana O","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2932-7288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William S","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming T","family":"Tsuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott W","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tyrone D","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Yale University , New Haven, CT , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9798-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine F","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA , 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