{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T12:55:50Z","timestamp":1793710550510,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"South East Norway Health Authority","award":["2018089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018089"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gut microbiota alterations have been reported in severe mental illness (SMI) but fewer studies have probed for signs of gut barrier disruption and inflammation. We hypothesized that gut leakage of microbial products due to intestinal inflammation could contribute to systemic inflammasome activation in SMI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We measured plasma levels of the chemokine CCL25 and soluble mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (sMAdCAM-1) as markers of T cell homing, adhesion and inflammation in the gut, lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) as markers of bacterial translocation and gut barrier dysfunction, in a large SMI cohort (n = 567) including schizophrenia (SCZ, n = 389) and affective disorder (AFF, n = 178), relative to healthy controls (HC, n = 418). We assessed associations with plasma IL-18 and IL-18BPa and leukocyte mRNA expression of NLRP3 and NLRC4 as markers of inflammasome activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our main findings were: (1) higher levels of sMAdCAM-1 (P = .002), I-FABP (P = 7.6E\u221211), CCL25 (P = 9.6E\u221205) and LBP (P = 2.6E\u221204) in SMI compared to HC in age, sex, BMI, CRP and freezer storage time adjusted analysis; (2) the highest levels of sMAdCAM-1 and CCL25 (both P = 2.6E\u221204) were observed in SCZ and I-FABP (P = 2.5E\u221210) and LBP (3) in AFF; and (3), I-FABP correlated with IL-18BPa levels and LBP correlated with NLRC4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support that intestinal barrier inflammation and dysfunction in SMI could contribute to systemic inflammation through inflammasome activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T12:03:39Z","timestamp":1670069019000},"page":"635-645","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Elevated Systemic Levels of Markers Reflecting Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction and Inflammasome Activation Are Correlated in Severe Mental Illness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"S\u00f8ren B","family":"Jensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashhood A","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim A","family":"Akkouh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"Szabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin S","family":"O\u2019Connell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tove","family":"Lekva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A","family":"Engh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Division of Mental health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust , T\u00f8nsberg , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Agartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council , Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torbj\u00f8rn","family":"Elvs\u00e5shagen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica B E G","family":"Ormerod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A","family":"Weibell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Network for Clinical Psychosis Research, Stavanger University Hospital , Stavanger , Norway"},{"name":"Network for Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Stavanger , Stavanger , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik","family":"Johnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway"},{"name":"NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rune A","family":"Kroken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway"},{"name":"NORMENT Center of Excellence, University of Bergen and Haukeland University Hospital , Bergen , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Melle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole K","family":"Drange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of \u00d8stmarka, Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, S\u00f8rlandet Hospital , Kristiansand , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terje","family":"N\u00e6rland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Rare Disorders, Division of Child and Adolescent medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne E","family":"Vaaler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway"},{"name":"Department of \u00d8stmarka, Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs University Hospital , Trondheim , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars T","family":"Westlye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"K.G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e5l","family":"Aukrust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srdjan","family":"Djurovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, NORMENT, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway"},{"name":"K.G. 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