{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:28:57Z","timestamp":1784302137436,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,28]],"date-time":"2023-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82022024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82022024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Program of Hunan Province"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01MH103340-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01MH103340-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U01MH116489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U01MH116489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R01MH110920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01MH110920"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Viral infections are increasingly recognized in the etiology of psychiatric disorders based on epidemiological and serological studies. Few studies have analyzed viruses directly within the brain and no comprehensive investigation of viral infection within diseased brains has been completed. This study aims to determine whether viral infection in brain tissues is a risk factor for 3 major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study directly evaluated the presence of viral DNA or RNA in 1569 brains of patients and controls using whole-genome sequencing and RNA sequencing data with 4 independent cohorts. The PathSeq tool was used to identify known human viruses in the genome and transcriptome of patients and controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A variety of DNA and RNA viruses related to the central nervous system were detected in the brains of patients with major psychiatric disorders, including viruses belonging to Herpesviridae, Polyomaviridae, Retroviridae, Flaviviridae, Parvoviridae, and Adenoviridae. However, no consistent significant differences were found between patients and controls in terms of types and amount of virus detected at both DNA and RNA levels.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The findings of this study do not suggest an association between viral infection in postmortem brains and major psychiatric disorders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T16:38:35Z","timestamp":1677688715000},"page":"551-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["No Increased Detection of Nucleic Acids of CNS-related Viruses in the Brains of Patients with Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Shishi","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China"},{"name":"Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University , Syracuse, NY , USA"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, Hunan , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Gandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifespan Brain Institute at Penn Medicine and The Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA , 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