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The validity of fMRI paradigms might be undermined by well-known sensory processing abnormalities in SZ that could exert distinct effects on neural activity in the presence of scanner background sound. Given the ubiquity of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) paradigms in SZ research, elucidating the relationship between neural, hemodynamic, and sensory processing deficits during scanning is necessary to refine the construct validity of the MR neuroimaging environment. We recorded simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG)-fMRI at rest in people with SZ (n = 57) and healthy control participants without a psychiatric diagnosis (n = 46) and identified gamma EEG activity in the same frequency range as the background sounds emitted from our scanner during a resting-state sequence. In participants with SZ, gamma coupling to the hemodynamic signal was reduced in bilateral auditory regions of the superior temporal gyri. Impaired gamma-hemodynamic coupling was associated with sensory gating deficits and worse symptom severity. Fundamental sensory-neural processing deficits in SZ are present at rest when considering scanner background sound as a \u201cstimulus.\u201d This finding may impact the interpretation of rs-fMRI activity in studies of people with SZ. Future neuroimaging research in SZ might consider background sound as a confounding variable, potentially related to fluctuations in neural excitability and arousal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T19:09:30Z","timestamp":1675796970000},"page":"1364-1374","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Scanner as the Stimulus: Deficient Gamma-BOLD Coupling in Schizophrenia at Rest"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Michael S","family":"Jacob","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center , 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , 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Medical Center , 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6500-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith M","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Service, San Francisco VA Medical Center , 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121 , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023090709235330700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn4002","article-title":"Auditory dysfunction in schizophrenia: integrating clinical and basic 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