{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T00:55:55Z","timestamp":1789174555229,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dutch Health Research Council","award":["10-000-1001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10-000-1001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Psychotic disorders (PDs) have huge personal and societal impact, and efforts to improve outcomes in patients are continuously needed. Environmental risk factors (ERFs), especially modifiable risk factors, are important to study because they pose a target for intervention and prevention. No studies have investigated ERFs, cognition, and psychotic symptoms together in a network approach.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We explored interactions between 3 important ERFs (tobacco smoking, cannabis use, and childhood trauma), 6 cognitive domains, and 3 dimensions of symptoms in psychosis. From the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) cohort, we used data from patients, siblings, and healthy controls to construct networks using Bayesian analyses of all 12 variables. We constructed networks of the combined sample and of patients and siblings separately.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found that tobacco smoking was directly associated with cognition and psychotic symptoms. The cognitive variable processing speed was the most central node, connecting clusters of psychotic symptoms and substance use through the variables of positive symptoms and tobacco smoking. Comparing the networks of patients and siblings, we found that networks were relatively similar between patients and siblings.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Our results support a potential central role of processing speed deficits in PDs. Findings highlight the importance of integrating tobacco smoking as potential ERFs in the context of PDs and to broaden the perspective from cannabis discontinuation to smoking cessation programs in patients or people at risk of PDs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T18:30:59Z","timestamp":1728930659000},"page":"1134-1145","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the Interactions Between Psychotic Symptoms, Cognition, and Environmental Risk Factors: A Bayesian Analysis of Networks"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3720-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minke J","family":"Bosma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , 1105 AZ, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarten","family":"Marsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam , 1018 WT, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jentien M","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , 1105 AZ, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karoline B S","family":"Huth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , 1105 AZ, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam , 1018 WT, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam , 1105 AZ, Amsterdam ,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieuwe","family":"de Haan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , 1105 AZ, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Arkin, Institute for Mental Health , 1033 NN, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1415-8007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Behrooz Z","family":"Alizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University Center for Psychiatry, Rob Giel Research Center , 9713 GZ, Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen and University Medical Centre Groningen , 9713 GZ, Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7637-3589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia J P","family":"Simons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University Medical Centre, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience , 6229 HX, Maastricht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care , 5626ND, Eindhoven ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederike","family":"Schirmbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam , 1105 AZ, Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University , 68167, Mannheim 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