{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:03:27Z","timestamp":1792814607133,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple genetic and environmental risk factors play a role in the development of both schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and affective psychoses. How they act in combination is yet to be clarified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 573 first episode psychosis cases and 1005 controls, of European ancestry. Firstly, we tested whether the association of polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression (PRS-SZ, PRS-BD, and PRS-D) with schizophrenia-spectrum disorder and affective psychosis differed when participants were stratified by exposure to specific environmental factors. Secondly, regression models including each PRS and polyenvironmental measures, including migration, paternal age, childhood adversity and frequent cannabis use, were run to test potential polygenic by polyenvironment interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In schizophrenia-spectrum disorder vs controls comparison, PRS-SZ was the strongest genetic predictor, having a nominally larger effect in nonexposed to strong environmental factors such as frequent cannabis use (unexposed vs exposed OR 2.43 and 1.35, respectively) and childhood adversity (3.04 vs 1.74). In affective psychosis vs controls, the relative contribution of PRS-D appeared to be stronger in those exposed to environmental risk. No evidence of interaction was found between any PRS with polyenvironmental score.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study supports an independent role of genetic liability and polyenvironmental risk for psychosis, consistent with the liability threshold model. Whereas schizophrenia-spectrum disorders seem to be mostly associated with polygenic risk for schizophrenia, having an additive effect with well-replicated environmental factors, affective psychosis seems to be a product of cumulative environmental insults alongside a higher genetic liability for affective disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T15:26:26Z","timestamp":1732202786000},"page":"1254-1265","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Polygenic and Polyenvironment Interplay in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder and Affective Psychosis; the EUGEI First Episode Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0383-0846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College of London , London SE5 8AB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"North London NHS Foundation Trust, Camden Early Intervention Service London , London NW1 0AS ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Alameda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College of London , London SE5 8AB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria de Sevilla, IBiS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc\u00edo, Universidad de Sevilla Department of Psychiatry, , Sevilla 41013 ,","place":["Spain"]},{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , 1003 Lausanne ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Aas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social, Genetics and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London SE5 8AF ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1636-889X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Gayer-Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London Department of Health Service and Population Research, , London SE5 8AB ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Trotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College of London , 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