{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T15:48:42Z","timestamp":1792684122751,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Departments of Veterans Affairs (VA) and Defense (DOD) provide care each year for approximately 75,000 people with first-episode psychoses or schizophrenia, but neither has formal, evidence-based guidance for treating these conditions. Recognition of this gap, together with guidance from Congress, led the Departments to develop clinical practice guidelines for first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia. This synopsis summarizes the psychopharmacological and other somatic treatment recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An interdisciplinary panel of VA and DOD mental health and primary care providers was created following methods specified by the VA\/DOD Evidence-Based Practice Guideline Work Group. The panel formulated key questions that guided a comprehensive search of the intervention literature from November 2011 to December 2021, with evidence limited to findings from randomized clinical trials. Recommendations were based on evaluation of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The VA\/DOD guideline panel developed 15 pharmacological and somatic treatment recommendations, including those on antipsychotic medication use for the treatment of first-episode psychosis and schizophrenia, use of clozapine for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, treatment of clozapine non-responders, and side effect management. There was insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for or against the use of non-antipsychotic medications or somatic treatments to treat negative or cognitive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The VA\/DOD guideline panel developed 15 pharmacological and somatic treatment recommendations to promote optimal, evidence-based care for active service members and Veterans. However, there remain multiple treatment planning decision points for which there is a lack of data and\/or effective treatments.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,28]],"date-time":"2025-06-28T21:03:14Z","timestamp":1751144594000},"page":"969-982","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pharmacological and Somatic Treatments for First-Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia: Synopsis of the US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Robert W","family":"Buchanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Capitol Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Baltimore VA Medical Center , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Katz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Office of Mental Health , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuad","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Health Agency, Psychological Health Center of Excellence , Silver Spring, MD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Coller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Mann-Grandstaff VA Medical Center , Spokane, WA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew A","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, VHA Pharmacy Benefits Management Services , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ballard-Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Evidence Based Practice Program , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Sall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Evidence Based Practice Program , Washington, DC ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Capitol Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Baltimore VA Medical Center , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James T","family":"Reston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ECRI Institute , Plymouth Meeting, PA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon C","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walter Reed National Military Medical Center Bethesda , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noosha","family":"Niv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VA Desert Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Long Beach VA Healthcare System , Long Beach, CA ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.177901","article-title":"The American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"177","author":"Keepers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v68n1115","article-title":"The Texas Medication Algorithm Project antipsychotic algorithm for schizophrenia: 2006 update","volume":"68","author":"Moore","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp116","article-title":"The 2009 schizophrenia PORT psychopharmacological treatment recommendations and summary statements","volume":"36","author":"Buchanan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0004","volume-title":"Psychosis and Schizophrenia in Adults: Prevention and Management","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0005","year":"17, 2020"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0006","volume-title":"VA\/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of First-Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia","author":"Management of First-Episode Psychosis and Schizophrenia Work Group","year":"2023"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0007","author":"Chari","year":"31, 2022"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.202000282","article-title":"Facility-level excess mortality of VHA patients with mental health or substance use disorder diagnoses","volume":"72","author":"Szymanski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0009","volume-title":"Psychosocial management of schizophrenia: Synopsis of the US Department of Veterans Affairs and US Department of Defense clinical practice guidelines","author":"Niv","year":"2025"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0010","author":"US Department of Veterans Affairs. The Guideline for Guidelines","year":"29, 2019"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0011","volume-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust","author":"Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.328.7454.1490","article-title":"Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"328","author":"Atkins","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.03.013","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations","volume":"66","author":"Andrews","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.02.003","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 15. Going from evidence to recommendation-determinants of a recommendation\u2019s direction and strength","volume":"66","author":"Andrews","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.16121358","article-title":"Sixty years of placebo-controlled antipsychotic drug trials in acute schizophrenia: systematic review, Bayesian meta-analysis, and meta-regression of efficacy predictors","volume":"174","author":"Leucht","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008016","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008016.pub3","article-title":"Maintenance treatment with antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia","volume":"8","author":"Ceraso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2017.06.011","article-title":"How well do patients with a first episode of schizophrenia respond to antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD000284","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000284.pub3","article-title":"Chlorpromazine versus placebo for schizophrenia","volume":"2014","author":"Adams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010226","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010226.pub2","article-title":"Trifluoperazine versus placebo for schizophrenia","volume":"2014","author":"Koch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011458","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011458.pub2","article-title":"Asenapine versus placebo for schizophrenia","volume":"2015","author":"Hay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD000307","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000307.pub2","article-title":"Fluphenazine decanoate (DEPOT) and enanthate for schizophrenia","volume":"2015","author":"Maayan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003082","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003082.pub3","article-title":"Haloperidol versus placebo for schizophrenia","volume":"2013","author":"Adams","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.114.154377","article-title":"Quetiapine immediate release v. placebo for schizophrenia: systematic review, meta-analysis and reappraisal","volume":"206","author":"Hutton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006918","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006918.pub3","article-title":"Risperidone versus placebo for schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Rattehalli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006352","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006352.pub3","article-title":"Fluphenazine (oral) versus placebo for schizophrenia","volume":"6","author":"Matar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011883","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011883.pub2","article-title":"Increasing antipsychotic dose for non-response in schizophrenia","volume":"5","author":"Samara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000834","article-title":"Efficacy and acceptability of cariprazine in acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials","volume":"38","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-021-00171-2","article-title":"Antipsychotics for negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia: dose\u2013response meta-analysis of randomized controlled acute phase trials","volume":"7","author":"Sabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/YIC.0000000000000308","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of brexpiprazole in acute management of psychiatric disorders: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"35","author":"Antoun Reyad","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-020-00127-y","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of once-monthly risperidone ISM\u00ae in schizophrenic patients with an acute exacerbation","volume":"6","author":"Correll","year":"2020","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000479","article-title":"Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of RBP-7000 once-monthly risperidone for the treatment of acute schizophrenia: an 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase 3 study","volume":"36","author":"Nasser","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.4379","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of lumateperone for treatment of schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial [published correction appears in JAMA Psychiatry. 2020]","volume":"77","author":"Correll","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD003443","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003443.pub3","article-title":"Perphenazine for schizophrenia","volume":"2015","author":"Hartung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S91397","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole once monthly for schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"11","author":"Oya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2014.02.007","article-title":"Relapse prevention study of paliperidone extended-release tablets in Chinese patients with schizophrenia","volume":"53","author":"Rui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pyw018","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyw018","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of paliperidone palmitate 3-month formulation for patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, noninferiority study","volume":"19","author":"Savitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-016-0345-4","article-title":"A randomized trial of iloperidone for prevention of relapse in schizophrenia: The REPRIEVE study","volume":"30","author":"Weiden","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.07.007","article-title":"Qualify: a randomized head-to-head study of aripiprazole once-monthly and paliperidone palmitate in the treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"168","author":"Naber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2007.58.4.489","article-title":"Long-term antipsychotic polypharmacy in the VA health system: patient characteristics and treatment patterns","volume":"58","author":"Kreyenbuhl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.4.700","article-title":"Multiple versus single antipsychotic agents for hospitalized psychiatric patients: case\u2013control study of risks versus benefits","volume":"161","author":"Centorrino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00039-0","article-title":"Long-acting injectable versus oral antipsychotics for the maintenance treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis of randomised, cohort, and pre-post studies","volume":"8","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0234121","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234121","article-title":"A modelling approach to estimate the prevalence of treatment-resistant schizophrenia in the United States","volume":"15","author":"M\u00f8rup","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2021.61","article-title":"Rates of treatment-resistant schizophrenia from first-episode cohorts: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"220","author":"Siskind","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.177261","article-title":"Clozapine v. first- and second-generation antipsychotics in treatment-refractory schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"209","author":"Siskind","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2955","article-title":"Efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a network meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Samara","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08351","article-title":"Clozapine and risperidone in moderately refractory schizophrenia: a 6-month randomized double-blind comparison","volume":"77","author":"Schooler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.10.965","article-title":"Clozapine and haloperidol in moderately refractory schizophrenia: a 6-month randomized and double-blind comparison","volume":"58","author":"Kane","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.11.005","article-title":"Adjunctive second-generation antipsychotics for specific symptom domains of schizophrenia resistant to clozapine: a meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Bartoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867418772351","article-title":"Augmentation strategies for clozapine refractory schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Siskind","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009005","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009005.pub2","article-title":"Antipsychotic combinations for schizophrenia","volume":"6","author":"Ortiz-Orendain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.13060787","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy augmentation in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"172","author":"Petrides","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.17106","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy augmentation in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"17","author":"Petrides","year":"2019","journal-title":"Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ)"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyab020","article-title":"Intranasal oxytocin for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"24","author":"Sabe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113285","article-title":"Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of galantamine in schizophrenia: significant cognitive enhancement","volume":"291","author":"Koola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0970-9310","article-title":"Acute and long-term memantine add-on treatment to risperidone improves cognitive dysfunction in patients with acute and chronic schizophrenia","volume":"53","author":"Schaefer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.05.019","article-title":"Adjunctive memantine for major mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind controlled trials","volume":"209","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-017-0043-3","article-title":"The effect of raloxifene augmentation in men and women with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"de Boer","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Schizophr"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-020-02292-x","article-title":"Efficacy of adjunctive D-Cycloserine for the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"128","author":"Kuppili","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neural Transm (Vienna)"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12862","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine for major mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"137","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118822157","article-title":"Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor-enhancing agents on cognition in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomised controlled trials","volume":"33","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-018-9641-8","article-title":"Implementing patient-reported outcomes to improve the quality of care for weight of patients with schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"Young","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20614","article-title":"The impact of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to improve physical health outcomes in people with schizophrenia: a meta-review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials","volume":"18","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0063","first-page":"69","article-title":"Efficacy of valbenazine (NBI-98854) in treating subjects with tardive dyskinesia and schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder","volume":"47","author":"Kane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19r12798","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.19r12798","article-title":"Pharmacologic treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"81","author":"Artukoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-019-00612-8","article-title":"Treatment strategies for clozapine-induced sialorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000898","article-title":"Adjunct aripiprazole reduces prolactin and prolactin-related adverse effects in premenopausal women with psychosis: results from the DAAMSEL clinical trial","volume":"38","author":"Kelly","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681418","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.681418","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of high-dose vitamin B6 as an adjunctive treatment for antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinemia in male patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"Zhuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.09.001","article-title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation for auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"143","author":"Guttesen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113866","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113866","article-title":"The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with chronic schizophrenia: insights from EEG microstates","volume":"299","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736094","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.736094","article-title":"Effects of high-frequency rTMS on negative symptoms and cognitive function in hospitalized patients with chronic schizophrenia: a double-blind, sham-controlled pilot trial","volume":"12","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.19193\/0393-6384_2021_1_44","article-title":"The effect of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation assisted drug in treating first-episode schizophrenia and its effects on serum homocysteine, brain derived neurotrophic factor and cognitive function","volume":"37","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Med Mediter."},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113876","article-title":"High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex for negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"299","author":"Gan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002360","article-title":"Efficacy of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: results of a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"45","author":"Dlabac-de Lange","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108828","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108828","article-title":"Short and long term effects of left and bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Bais","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2020.11.011","article-title":"Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on working memory performance and brain structure in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial","volume":"6","author":"Voineskos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-0745-6","article-title":"High-frequency neuronavigated rTMS effect on clinical symptoms and cognitive dysfunction: a pilot double-blind, randomized controlled study in veterans with schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Guan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa035","article-title":"Cognitive enhancing effect of high-frequency neuronavigated rTMS in chronic schizophrenia patients with predominant negative symptoms: a double-blind controlled 32-week follow-up study","volume":"46","author":"Xiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2020.102392","article-title":"The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on clinical symptoms in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.1513","article-title":"Assessment of noninvasive brain stimulation interventions for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Tseng","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD011847","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD011847.pub2","article-title":"Electroconvulsive therapy for treatment-resistant schizophrenia","volume":"3","author":"Sinclair","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2025070811275760200_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu135","article-title":"Acupuncture for schizophrenia","volume":"40","author":"Shen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/51\/4\/969\/63542575\/sbaf053.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/51\/4\/969\/63542575\/sbaf053.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T15:28:04Z","timestamp":1751988484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article\/51\/4\/969\/8171308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf053","relation":{},"ISSN":["0586-7614","1745-1701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,21]]}}}