{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T14:10:56Z","timestamp":1781100656206,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":237,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016230","name":"Steven and Alexandra Cohen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Craig Nerenberg"},{"name":"NIH T32 Predoctoral Fellowship for Research Training in Age-Related Cognitive Disorders","award":["T32 AG027668"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AG027668"]}]},{"name":"German Federal Ministry of Education and Research"},{"name":"ERA-NET Psi-Alc","award":["FKZ: 01EW1908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ: 01EW1908"]}]},{"name":"Scholar-in-Residence at Tactogen Public Benefit Corporation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Visual hallucinations (VH) are a core symptom of both Lewy body diseases (LBDs; eg, Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies) and serotonergic psychedelics (SPs; eg, psilocybin and mescaline). While these conditions differ in etiology, overlapping phenomenology, and neural mechanisms suggest shared pathways. This review explores similarities and differences in VH between LBDs and SPs, focusing on phenomenology, cortical function, and serotonergic modulation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This narrative review synthesizes findings from neurology, cognitive neuroscience, and systems neuroscience to compare VH in LBDs and SPs. The literature includes studies with both human subjects and animal models that examine cortical activity patterns, neuromodulatory mechanisms, and VH phenomenology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both LBDs and SPs exhibit distinct visual aberrations, ranging from minor metamorphopsias to complex hallucinations. Some features in LBDs resemble those induced by SPs (eg, illusory motion and entity encounters), suggesting shared neural mechanisms. Neuroimaging studies indicate a common pattern of hyperactive associative cortex and hypoactive sensory cortex. At the neuromodulator level, SP-induced VH involves serotonin 2A and 1A receptor (5-HT2AR and 5-HT1AR) modulation, while in LBDs, 5-HT2A receptor upregulation correlates with increased VH, and its inhibition (eg, with pimavanserin) reduces VH. Two shared cortical signatures are highlighted: reduced visual evoked responses and shifts toward visual excitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Examining cortical and neuromodulatory similarities between LBD- and SP-induced VH may elucidate the link between sensory degradation, excitation, and hallucinogenesis. Future research should employ real-time neuroimaging of discrete hallucinatory episodes to identify shared mechanisms and develop targeted interventions for LBD hallucinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T05:41:04Z","timestamp":1744868464000},"page":"S273-S291","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Visual Hallucinations in Serotonergic Psychedelics and Lewy Body Diseases"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1715-3699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan H","family":"Heller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 21224 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD 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