{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:28:07Z","timestamp":1792510087224,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82471522"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82471522"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007219","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23ZR1433300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23ZR1433300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007219","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The multifactorial pathogenesis of schizophrenia (SZ) hinders the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. Niacin skin flushing response (NSFR) has been identified as an endophenotype for SZ, but the proportion of blunted NSFR (BNR) varied between studies. This study aims to clarify the relationship between NSFR and SZ through a meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were searched for articles published until May 2024, and 32 studies were eligible. Using random-effects models, we examined the characteristics of NSFR in SZ, including the reaction degree, speed, sensitivity, and risk and prevalence of BNR. Subgroup analyses and regression analyses were performed to investigate the relevant effect factors of NSFR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The reaction degree (SMD\u2005=\u2005\u22120.90; CI, \u22121.08 to \u22120.72), speed (SMD\u2005=\u20050.64; CI, 0.02\u20131.25), and sensitivity (SMD\u2005=\u20050.89; CI, 0.49\u20131.29) of NSFR was significantly reduced in SZ compared to healthy controls (HC). Moreover, we observed a positive association between BNR and SZ (OR\u2005=\u20058.50; CI, 5.93\u201312.19). The overall prevalence of BNR was 58.5% in SZ (CI, 49.3%\u201367.8%) compared to 11.8% in HC (CI, 7.7%\u201315.9%). In addition, NSFR detection method, geographical regions, and age were found to have effects on reaction degree and prevalence of BNR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirmed a significantly abnormal NSFR and higher prevalence of BNR in SZ, which highlights the potential facilitation of the diagnosis and personalized intervention of SZ subgroups. In addition, the study points to a need to establish a standardized method for NSFR assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T19:52:13Z","timestamp":1746042733000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Blunted Niacin Skin Flushing Response in Schizophrenia: A Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jinfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430060 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University , Wuhan, 430060 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunling","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01121-6","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"388","author":"Owen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-015-0308-1","article-title":"A systematic review and network meta-analysis to assess the relative efficacy of antipsychotics for the treatment of positive and negative symptoms in early-onset schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Harvey","year":"2016","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0003","first-page":"54","article-title":"Schizophrenia: a biochemical disorder","volume":"32","author":"Horrobin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00112-6","article-title":"The niacin challenge test: clinical manifestation of altered transmembrane signal transduction in schizophrenia","volume":"41","author":"Hudson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00100-X","article-title":"Niacin skin flush in schizophrenia: a preliminary report","volume":"29","author":"Ward","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00220-2","article-title":"A volumetric biochemical niacin flush-based index that noninvasively detects fatty acid deficiency in schizophrenia","volume":"26","author":"Puri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00152-0","article-title":"On the relationship between methylnicotinate-induced skin flush and fatty acids levels in acute psychosis","volume":"27","author":"Maclean","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00311-0","article-title":"The niacin skin flush abnormality in schizophrenia: a quantitative dose\u2013response study","volume":"62","author":"Messamore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00006-2","article-title":"Potential use of the topical niacin skin test in early psychosis\u2014a combined approach using optical reflection spectroscopy and a descriptive rating scale","volume":"37","author":"Smesny","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00281-5","article-title":"Increased phospholipase A2 activity in schizophrenia with absent response to niacin","volume":"61","author":"Tavares","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(03)00145-7","article-title":"Reduced vasodilatory response to methylnicotinate in schizophrenia as assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry","volume":"14","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.02.007","article-title":"Impaired niacin sensitivity in acute first-episode but not in multi-episode schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Smesny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.10.010","article-title":"Niacin skin flushing in schizophrenic and depressed patients and healthy controls","volume":"143","author":"Bosveld-van Haandel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2006.02.002","article-title":"Niacin skin-flush response and electrodermal activity in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls","volume":"74","author":"Nilsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.10.002","article-title":"Absent response to niacin skin patch is specific to schizophrenia and independent of smoking","volume":"152","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2007.08.006","article-title":"Endophenotype properties of niacin sensitivity as marker of impaired prostaglandin signalling in schizophrenia","volume":"77","author":"Smesny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301343","article-title":"Cannabinoids influence lipid-arachidonic acid pathways in schizophrenia","volume":"32","author":"Smesny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm153","article-title":"Impaired flush response to niacin skin patch among schizophrenia patients and their nonpsychotic relatives: the effect of genetic loading","volume":"35","author":"Chang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.03.025","article-title":"Niacin sensitivity and the arachidonic acid pathway in schizophrenia","volume":"122","author":"Messamore","year":"2010","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2012.11.005","article-title":"The impact of PLA2G4A and PTGS2 gene polymorphisms, and red blood cell PUFAs deficit on niacin skin flush response in schizophrenia patients","volume":"88","author":"Nadalin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0021","first-page":"e504","article-title":"Comparison of niacin skin flush response in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder","volume":"10","author":"Maroufi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv130","article-title":"Prevalence and specificity of the abnormal niacin response: a potential endophenotype marker in schizophrenia","volume":"42","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.06.007","article-title":"State marker properties of niacin skin sensitivity in ultra-high risk groups for psychosis\u2014an optical reflection spectroscopy study","volume":"192","author":"Langbein","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.05.002","article-title":"Methylnicotinate stimulated prostaglandin synthesis in patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary investigation","volume":"136","author":"Ross","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx150","article-title":"Identification of the niacin-blunted subgroup of schizophrenia patients from mood disorders and healthy individuals in Chinese population","volume":"44","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0026","first-page":"564","article-title":"Analysis of niacin skin flush in clinical high risk population of psychosis","volume":"39","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Shang Jiao Uni Med Sci"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061848","article-title":"SKINREMS\u2014a new method for assessment of the niacin skin flush test response in schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Karakula-Juchnowicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.32598\/ijpcp.27.1.3144.1","article-title":"Accuracy of niacin skin flush test for diagnosing schizophrenia","volume":"27","author":"Arzanlou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.02.009","article-title":"Attenuated and delayed niacin skin flushing in schizophrenia and affective disorders: a potential clinical auxiliary diagnostic marker","volume":"230","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.06.028","article-title":"A potential objective marker in first-episode schizophrenia based on abnormal niacin response","volume":"243","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.07.017","article-title":"Attenuated niacin skin flushing response in children and adolescents with mental disorders: a transdiagnostic early warning marker","volume":"248","author":"Qing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-022-00252-w","article-title":"Niacin skin flush and membrane polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenia from the acute state to partial remission: a dynamic relationship","volume":"8","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophrenia (Heidelb)"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0033","first-page":"24","article-title":"Test for abnormal niacin response syndrome in schizophrenia: reclaiming the oral route","volume":"34","author":"Carena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina)"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90321-5","article-title":"Niacin-induced flush as a measure of prostaglandin activity in alcoholics and schizophrenics","volume":"21","author":"Fiedler","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90274-X","article-title":"Niacin skin flush is not diagnostic of schizophrenia","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.106.030833","article-title":"Nicotinic acid-induced flushing is mediated by activation of epidermal Langerhans cells","volume":"70","author":"Benyo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI42273","article-title":"Nicotinic acid- and monomethyl fumarate-induced flushing involves GPR109A expressed by keratinocytes and COX-2-dependent prostanoid formation in mice","volume":"120","author":"Hanson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.04.051","article-title":"Enhancement of arachidonic acid signaling pathway by nicotinic acid receptor HM74A","volume":"345","author":"Tang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100180","article-title":"Suppression of niacin-induced vasodilation with an antagonist to prostaglandin D2 receptor subtype 1","volume":"81","author":"Lai","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI23626","article-title":"GPR109A (PUMA-G\/HM74A) mediates nicotinic acid-induced flushing","volume":"115","author":"Benyo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13617","article-title":"Altered HCAR3 expression may underlying the blunted niacin responses of the psychiatric disorders and the risk of schizophrenia","volume":"78","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2021.103239","article-title":"Dysregulation of phospholipase and cyclooxygenase expression is involved in Schizophrenia","volume":"64","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ebiomedicine"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2019.01.095","article-title":"An investigation of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in schizophrenia","volume":"273","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00095-X","article-title":"Membrane phospholipid abnormalities in postmortem brains from schizophrenic patients","volume":"42","author":"Yao","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac011","article-title":"Impaired membrane lipid homeostasis in schizophrenia","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-3278(96)90139-8","article-title":"Membrane fatty acids, niacin flushing and clinical parameters","volume":"55","author":"Glen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2001.tb11065.x","article-title":"The niacin skin flush test in schizophrenia: a replication study","volume":"55","author":"Puri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl038","article-title":"Familial aggregation in skin flush response to niacin patch among schizophrenic patients and their nonpsychotic relatives","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00010-4","article-title":"Clinical subtyping reveals significant differences in calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity in schizophrenia","volume":"46","author":"Hudson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100753","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100753","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-assisted niacin skin flush screening in early psychosis identification and prediction","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0051","first-page":"e123","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"3","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Open Med"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.04.014","article-title":"Random-effects model aimed at discovering associations in meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies","volume":"88","author":"Han","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2000.00455.x","article-title":"Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Duval","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0148429","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148429","article-title":"Niacin skin sensitivity is increased in adolescents at ultra-high risk for psychosis","volume":"11","author":"Berger","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr054","article-title":"A genome-wide quantitative linkage scan of niacin skin flush response in families with schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Lien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2014.06.004","article-title":"Cognition and autonomic function in schizophrenia: inferior cognitive test performance in electrodermal and niacin skin flush non-responders","volume":"30","author":"Nilsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0057","first-page":"367","article-title":"Niacin sensitivity and cognitive functions in first episode schizophrenia","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2020.102084","article-title":"An association between niacin skin flush response and plasma triglyceride levels in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"155","author":"Nadalin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2007.07.002","article-title":"Negative correlation between cerebral inorganic phosphate and the volumetric niacin response in male patients with schizophrenia who have seriously and dangerously violently offended: a 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"77","author":"Puri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(91)90202-W","article-title":"Niacin test in schizophrenia and affective illness","volume":"29","author":"Rybakowski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2015.06.004","article-title":"Polymorphisms in PLA2G6 and PLA2G4C genes for calcium-independent phospholipase A2 do not contribute to attenuated niacin skin flush response in schizophrenia patients","volume":"100","author":"Nadalin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2009.09.003","article-title":"Test-retest stability of the oral niacin test and electrodermal activity in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"81","author":"Nilsson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.03.001","article-title":"Niacin subsensitivity is associated with functional impairment in schizophrenia","volume":"137","author":"Messamore","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20156","article-title":"Association of a long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 gene polymorphism with depression and with enhanced niacin-induced dermal erythema","volume":"127 B","author":"Covault","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100748","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2022-100748","article-title":"Attenuated niacin-induced skin flush response in individuals with clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"35","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0066","first-page":"163","article-title":"Unmedicated schizophrenic patients have a reduced skin flush in response to topical niacin [3]","volume":"43","author":"Shah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0067","first-page":"33","article-title":"Niacin flushing, prostaglandin E and evening primrose oil. A possible objective test for monitoring therapy in schizophrenia","volume":"9","author":"Horrobin","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Orthomol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0068","first-page":"116","article-title":"The niacin test in schizophrenia","volume":"24","author":"Weterle","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05598-2","article-title":"Patients with first-episode psychosis in northern Taiwan: neurocognitive performance and niacin response profile in comparison with schizophrenia patients of different familial loadings and relationship with clinical features","volume":"24","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-023-01556-3","article-title":"Attenuated niacin response is associated with a subtype of first-episode drug-naive psychosis characterized as serious negative symptoms","volume":"273","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12516","DOI":"10.1111\/appy.12516","article-title":"Replication of the abnormal niacin response in first episode psychosis measured using laser Doppler flowmeter","volume":"14","author":"Gan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.10.151","article-title":"Omega-3 supplementation improves depressive symptoms, cognitive function and niacin skin flushing response in adolescent depression: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"345","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01255817","article-title":"Elevated plasma prostaglandin E2 levels in schizophrenia","volume":"77","author":"Kaiya","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Neural Transm."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2174\/1874205X01913010001","article-title":"The vessels shaping mental health or illness","volume":"13","author":"Baruah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Neurol J"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-6-7","article-title":"Theories of schizophrenia: a genetic-inflammatory-vascular synthesis","volume":"6","author":"Hanson","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1846","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300227","article-title":"Methyl nicotinate-induced vasodilation in generalized social phobia","volume":"28","author":"Katzman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-023-00729-2","article-title":"Central regulation of stress-evoked peripheral immune responses","volume":"24","author":"Chan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.12.031","article-title":"Bipolar disorder: an evolutionary psychoneuroimmunological approach","volume":"122","author":"Rantala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-007-0736-0","article-title":"Association between BanI genotype and increased phospholipase A2 activity in schizophrenia","volume":"257","author":"Barbosa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2017.06.003","article-title":"An association between PLA2G6 and PLA2G4C gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia risk and illness severity in a Croatian population","volume":"121","author":"Nadalin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01760-8","article-title":"A double-blind, randomized controlled study of the effects of celecoxib on clinical symptoms and cognitive impairment in patients with drug-naive first episode schizophrenia: pharmacogenetic impact of cyclooxygenase-2 functional polymorphisms","volume":"49","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.017","article-title":"Identification of adolescent patients with depression via assessment of the niacin skin flushing response","volume":"324","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05294-7","article-title":"Diagnostic value of niacin skin blunting response in adolescent patients with depression","volume":"23","author":"Shen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05728-w","article-title":"Potential of niacin skin flush response in adolescent depression identification and severity assessment: a case-control study","volume":"24","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026081405125502700_CIT0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.01.007","article-title":"The influence of age and gender on niacin skin test results\u2014implications for the use as a biochemical marker in schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Smesny","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/4\/sbaf069\/63287027\/sbaf069.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/4\/sbaf069\/63287027\/sbaf069.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T09:14:41Z","timestamp":1786698881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf069\/8140605"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0586-7614","1745-1701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"article-number":"sbaf069"}}