{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T17:59:58Z","timestamp":1790877598200,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Swiss Science Foundation","award":["32003B_219240"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32003B_219240"]}]},{"name":"NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine","award":["NUHSRO\/2020\/124\/TMR\/LOA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NUHSRO\/2020\/124\/TMR\/LOA"]}]},{"name":"Singapore National Medical Research Council (NMRC) LCG","award":["OFLCG19May-0035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OFLCG19May-0035"]}]},{"name":"NMRC CTG-IIT","award":["CTGIIT23jan-0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CTGIIT23jan-0001"]}]},{"name":"NMRC STaR","award":["STaR20nov-0003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STaR20nov-0003"]}]},{"name":"Singapore Ministry of Health (MOH) Centre Grant","award":["CG21APR1009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CG21APR1009"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019822","name":"Temasek Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TF2223-IMH-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TF2223-IMH-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH120080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH120080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH133334"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH133334"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014013","name":"UK Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/Y015037\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y015037\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH121246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH121246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ), particularly amotivation, are prominent across both SCZ and bipolar disorder (BD). While orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) alterations have been implicated in the development of negative symptoms, their contributions across disorders remain to be established. Here, we examined how OFC thickness and network associations relate to amotivation compared to diminished expression across the BD-SCZ spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 50 individuals with SCZ, 49 with BD, and 122 controls. We assessed amotivation and diminished expression and estimated thickness in the medial and lateral OFC as regions of interest as well as 64 other cortical regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across BD and SCZ, reduced right lateral and bilateral medial OFC thickness were specifically associated with amotivation, but not diminished expression or other clinical factors. We then generated intra-individual OFC structural covariance networks to evaluate how the system-level embedding of the OFC would link to brain-wide cortical maps of negative symptoms. We found that medial OFC covariance networks spatially correlated with the brain-wide cortical alterations of both negative symptom dimensions. Further analyses in independent SCZ data from the ENIGMA consortium (n\u2005=\u20054474) revealed associations with lateral OFC covariance networks. Finally, the brain-wide cortical alterations of amotivation were significantly correlated with normative functional and structural white-matter connectivity profiles of the right medial and left lateral OFC as well as adjacent prefrontal and limbic regions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our work identifies OFC alterations as a possible transdiagnostic signature of amotivation and provides insights into network associations underlying the system-wide cortical alterations of negative symptoms across SCZ and BD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T07:59:19Z","timestamp":1745913559000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Orbitofrontal Thickness and Network Associations as Transdiagnostic Signature of Amotivation Along the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Spectrum"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Marlene","family":"Franz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich , 8032 Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Kebets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , 3801 Montreal, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xaver","family":"Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich , 8032 Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foivos","family":"Georgiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich , 8032 Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice A","family":"Milano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals , 1226 Th\u00f4nex,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achim","family":"Burrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich , 8032 Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janis","family":"Brakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich , 8032 Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Adult Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals , 1226 Th\u00f4nex,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erich","family":"Seifritz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich , 8032 Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9034-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Homan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric Hospital University of Zurich , 8032 Zurich,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Bath , BA2 7AY Bath,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo G M","family":"van Erp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine , 92697 Irvine, CA,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine , 92697 Irvine, CA,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica A","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University , Columbus, OH 43210,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0307-2862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bratislav","family":"Misic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University , 3801 Montreal, Quebec,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofie L","family":"Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich , 52425 J\u00fclich,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences , 04103 Leipzig,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Max Planck School of Cognition , 04103 Leipzig,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf , 40225 D\u00fcsseldorf,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B T Thomas","family":"Yeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Sleep & Cognition, Centre for Translational MR Research, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore , 117549 Singapore,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris C","family":"Bernhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, 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