{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:51:49Z","timestamp":1791435109420,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 MH129684"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 MH129684"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH081988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH081988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UO1MH081857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1MH081857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH076989"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH076989"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH082022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH082022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH082004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH082004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH081902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH081902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH081944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH081944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH081928"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH081928"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH081984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH081984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent research suggests that environmental factors may contribute to psychosis through at least partially distinct pathways. This study examined how neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation and social fragmentation relate to impaired social functioning in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) via social and contextual risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were collected from the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study Phase 3. Neighborhood characteristics were geocoded using participant addresses at baseline. Social and contextual risk factors were derived from the Structural Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth. Social functioning was measured using the Global Assessment of Functioning: Social Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neighborhood social fragmentation was associated with greater peer rejection (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.11; 95% CI, 0.01-0.22, P\u00a0=\u2009.034), which, in turn, was negatively associated with social functioning (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.18; 95% CI, \u22120.23 to \u22120.12, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.001). Both neighborhood social fragmentation (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.18; 95% CI, 0.03-0.33, P\u00a0=\u2009.022) and neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.34; 95% CI, 0.21-0.48, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.001) were associated with greater community disorganization, which was negatively associated with social functioning (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.08; 95% CI, \u22120.17 to \u22120.01, P\u00a0=\u2009.046). Neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation had a direct negative association with social functioning (\u03b2\u2009=\u2009\u22120.15; 95% CI, \u22120.29 to \u22120.02, P\u00a0=\u2009.03).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study identified shared and distinct pathways relating neighborhood characteristics to impaired social functioning among CHR-P individuals. Understanding how environmental factors impact social functioning may help develop effective interventions for youth at high risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf192","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T15:54:18Z","timestamp":1762790058000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Neighborhood Characteristics and Social Functioning: Exploring Shared and Distinct Psychosocial Pathways Among Individuals at Clinical High-Risk for Psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6775-5080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingyue E","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, WI 53705 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cope","family":"Feurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27514 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing D","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Carrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health , Glen Oaks, NY 11004 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Addington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB, T2N4N1 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8516-923X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carrie E","family":"Bearden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA , Los Angeles, CA 90024 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5952-4605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin S","family":"Cadenhead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyrone D","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A","family":"Cornblatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health , Glen Oaks, NY 11004 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell , Hempstead, NY 11549 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matcheri","family":"Keshavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA 02215 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel H","family":"Mathalon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System , San Francisco, California, 94121 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana O","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, NC 27514 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2932-7288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William S","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, MA 02215 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott W","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06511 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9798-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaine F","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Emory University , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benson S","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scog.2014.10.001","article-title":"Social cognition and social judgment in schizophrenia","volume":"1","author":"Langdon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Res Cogn"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200826020-00005","article-title":"The burden of schizophrenia on caregivers","volume":"26","author":"Awad","year":"2008","journal-title":"PharmacoEconomics"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2024.06.054","article-title":"Neurocognition in adolescents and young adults at clinical high risk for psychosis: predictive stability for social and role functioning","volume":"271","author":"Carri\u00f3n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.08.005","article-title":"Clinical and functional ultra-long-term outcome of patients with a clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis","volume":"62","author":"Beck","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur psychiatr"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1909","article-title":"Prediction of functional outcome in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"70","author":"Carri\u00f3n","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad093","article-title":"Associations between childhood area-level social fragmentation, maladaptation to school, and social functioning among healthy youth and those at clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"49","author":"Ku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2023774","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.23774","article-title":"Assessment of Neighborhood poverty, cognitive function, and prefrontal and hippocampal volumes in children","volume":"3","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2015.11.004","article-title":"Early-life social adversity and developmental processes in nonhuman primates","volume":"7","author":"French","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.5.401","article-title":"Social fragmentation, deprivation and urbanicity: relation to first-admission rates for psychoses","volume":"187","author":"Allardyce","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.101","article-title":"Individuals, sch,ools, and Neighborhood: a multilevel longitudinal study of variation in incidence of psychotic disorders","volume":"67","author":"Zammit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.21r13941","article-title":"Social fragmentation and schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"83","author":"Ku","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.12.036","article-title":"Neighborhood-level predictors of age at onset and duration of untreated psychosis in first-episode psychotic disorders","volume":"218","author":"Ku","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.09.025","article-title":"Association between residential instability at individual and area levels and future psychosis in adolescents at clinical high risk from the north American prodrome longitudinal study (NAPLS) consortium","volume":"238","author":"Ku","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13375","article-title":"Residential instability during adolescence predicts earlier age at onset of psychosis: the moderating role of extraversion","volume":"17","author":"Ku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2172-2180","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724000278","article-title":"The association between neighborhood-level social fragmentation and distressing psychotic-like experiences in early adolescence: the moderating role of close friends","volume":"54","author":"Ku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.03.023","article-title":"The role of childhood social fragmentation and perceived discrimination on maladaptive core schemas later in life among young adults at clinical high risk for psychosis and healthy comparisons","volume":"279","author":"Diomino","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm032","article-title":"Socioeconomic status at birth is associated with risk of schizophrenia: population-based multilevel study","volume":"33","author":"Werner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.03.014","article-title":"Identifying aspects of neighbourhood deprivation associated with increased incidence of schizophrenia","volume":"156","author":"Bhavsar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.06.006","article-title":"Neighbourhood deprivation is positively associated with detection of the ultra-high risk (UHR) state for psychosis in south East London","volume":"192","author":"Bhavsar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22m14401","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.22m14401","article-title":"Neighborhood vulnerability and disability in first episode of psychosis: a multilevel study","volume":"84","author":"Izquierdo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Periodical"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.7.1137","article-title":"Area deprivation and widening inequalities in US mortality, 1969-1998","volume":"93","author":"Singh","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-008-9288-5","article-title":"Do neighborhood economic characteristics, racial composition, and residential stability predict perceptions of stress associated with the physical and social environment? Findings from a multilevel analysis in Detroit","volume":"85","author":"Schulz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.04.003","article-title":"Disentangling neighborhood contextual associations with child body mass index, diet, and physical activity: the role of built, socioeconomic, and social environments","volume":"95","author":"Carroll-Scott","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.185","article-title":"Relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and social function of Wisconsin 2- and 3-year-olds born at very low birth weight","volume":"165","author":"McManus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427896033004002","article-title":"The effects of Neighborhood disadvantage on adolescent development","volume":"33","author":"Elliott","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Res Crime Delinq"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/0743558402175003","article-title":"Neighborhood social disorganization, families, and the educational behavior of adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Bowen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Adolesc Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012","article-title":"Childhood adversity and neural development: deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience","volume":"47","author":"McLaughlin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.irn.2019.11.004","article-title":"Chronic stress, structural exposures and neurobiological mechanisms: a stimulation, discrepancy and deprivation model of psychosis","volume":"152","author":"Vargas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.02.012","article-title":"Relations of temporoparietal connectivity with neighborhood social fragmentation in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis","volume":"277","author":"Aberizk","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-025-02093-4","article-title":"Neighborhood social fragmentation in relation to impaired mismatch negativity among youth at clinical high risk for psychosis and healthy comparisons","volume":"50","author":"Ku","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.09.020","article-title":"Neighborhood socioeconomic status and racial disparities in schizophrenia: an exploration of domains of functioning","volume":"224","author":"Nagendra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref32","volume-title":"The Psychosis-Risk Syndrome: Handbook for Diagnosis and Follow-Up","author":"McGlashan","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.04.010","article-title":"North American prodrome longitudinal study (NAPLS 3): methods and baseline description","volume":"243","author":"Addington","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref34","volume-title":"Census Tracts and Block Numbering Areas","author":"United States Census Bureau"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref35","volume-title":"American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, 2013\u20132017 (Tables at Census Tract Level)","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref36","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY). Handbook of Violence Risk Assessment","author":"Borum","year":"2010"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby126","article-title":"The global functioning: social and role scales\u2014further validation in a large sample of adolescents and young adults at clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"45","author":"Carri\u00f3n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref38","first-page":"653","article-title":"Using multivariate statistics","volume":"4","author":"Ullman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327906MBR3601_05","article-title":"An overview of analytic rotation in exploratory factor analysis","volume":"36","author":"Browne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Lt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model Multidiscip J"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13369","article-title":"Risk of violent behaviour in young people at clinical high risk for psychosis from the north American prodrome longitudinal studies consortium","volume":"17","author":"Tronick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Early intervention in psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad133","article-title":"Understanding the causal pathway of social determinants of psychosis: the role of social functioning, relevance of animal models, and implications for treatment","volume":"49","author":"Jimenez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.08.031","article-title":"The relationship between psychotic symptoms and social functioning in a non-clinical population of 12year olds","volume":"150","author":"Asher","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1552-8","article-title":"Social networks and symptomatic and functional outcomes in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Degnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457941900021X","article-title":"Predicting psychosis-spectrum diagnoses in adulthood from social behaviors and neighborhood contexts in childhood","volume":"32","author":"Hastings","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.10.055","article-title":"Prospective associations between peer functioning and social anxiety in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"279","author":"Chiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae141","article-title":"Associations between genetic risk, physical activities, and distressing psychotic-like experiences","author":"Ku","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/21677026211016415","article-title":"Differentiating kinds of systemic stressors with relation to psychotic-like experiences in late childhood and early adolescence: the stimulation, discrepancy, and deprivation model of psychosis","volume":"10","author":"Vargas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.01.048","article-title":"Impact of childhood adversity on corticolimbic volumes in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis","volume":"213","author":"LoPilato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.16484","article-title":"Aspects of area deprivation index in relation to hippocampal volume among children","volume":"7","author":"Ku","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410395147","article-title":"Hippocampal volume reduction in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia: a review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Adriano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291725000224","article-title":"Exposure profiles of social-environmental neighborhood factors and persistent distressing psychotic-like experiences across four years among young adolescents in the US","volume":"55","author":"Ku","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109576","article-title":"Association of social and environmental exposures at the neighborhood level with child brain volume","volume":"201","author":"Dimitrov","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2023.4218","article-title":"Patterns of social determinants of health and child mental health, cognition, and physical health","volume":"177","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0264041","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0264041","article-title":"Financial stress and depression in adults: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Guan","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107416","article-title":"The complex relationship of air pollution and neighborhood socioeconomic status and their association with cognitive decline","volume":"167","author":"Christensen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1101\/2023.08.08.23293825","volume-title":"Sensitive Periods for Exposure to Indoor Air Pollutants and Psychosocial Factors in Association with Symptoms of Psychopathology at School-Age in a South African Birth Cohort","author":"Christensen","year":"2023"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160234","article-title":"Air pollution and human cognition: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"859","author":"Thompson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.10.051","article-title":"Duration of the psychosis prodrome","volume":"216","author":"Powers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417000451","article-title":"Potentially important periods of change in the development of social and role functioning in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"30","author":"Velthorst","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"2026100800441818600_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs151","article-title":"Social deprivation, inequality, and the neighborhood-level incidence of psychotic syndromes in East London","volume":"40","author":"Kirkbride","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/5\/sbaf192\/65259746\/sbaf192.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/5\/sbaf192\/65259746\/sbaf192.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:45:11Z","timestamp":1791434711000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf192\/8319988"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf192","relation":{},"ISSN":["0586-7614","1745-1701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"article-number":"sbaf192"}}