{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:52:02Z","timestamp":1791435122104,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020\/36\/C\/HS6\/00420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/36\/C\/HS6\/00420"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We aimed to test predictions made by the metacognitive model of psychopathology, which assumes associations of metacognitive beliefs and consequent strategies (dubbed cognitive-attentional syndrome, CAS) with symptoms of schizophrenia and psychopathological symptoms in general.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with current auditory hallucinations (n\u2009=\u200964) and without hallucinations (n\u2009=\u200970) and healthy controls (n\u2009=\u200969) were assessed in terms of symptoms, metacognitive factors, and attention functioning, and also experimental tasks measuring different facets of attention (auditory attention, attentional bias, and self-focused attention). Additionally, a network analysis with a mixed graphical model aimed at delineating relationships between these variables of interest was performed for the schizophrenia group. Such an analysis allows the study of intricate interrelations between variables while controlling the effects of other relevant variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with hallucinations scored higher in measures of CAS and certain facets of metacognitive beliefs compared to those without hallucinations. In experimental tasks, we observed significant effects for auditory attention performance but not for attentional bias and self-focused attention. The network analysis results pointed to the prominent associations of metacognitive beliefs and CAS with hallucinations and psychopathology in general.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The obtained results offer insights into the role of metacognition and attention functioning in symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly hallucinations. The presented network model suggests that interventions addressing the change of these beliefs and maladaptive self-regulatory strategies may constitute valuable treatment targets.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T15:51:41Z","timestamp":1764258701000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining Auditory Hallucinations and Attention in Schizophrenia Patients According to the Metacognitive Model"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6281-7401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joachim","family":"Kowalski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences , 00-378 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"D\u0105bkowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences , 00-378 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrianna","family":"Aleksandrowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences , 00-378 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Jarkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology , 02-957 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Lar\u00f8i","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Oslo , P.O. Box 1094, Blindern, 0317 Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]},{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Li\u00e8ge , 4000 Li\u00e8ge ,","place":["Belgium"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6578-1846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Gaw\u0119da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences , 00-378 Warsaw ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs045","article-title":"Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia and nonschizophrenia populations: a review and integrated model of cognitive mechanisms","volume":"38","author":"Waters","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465800015873","article-title":"Intrusive thoughts and auditory hallucinations: a cognitive approach","volume":"23","author":"Morrison","year":"1995","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref3","volume-title":"Attention and Emotion: A Clinical Perspective","author":"Wells","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref4","volume-title":"Metacognitive Therapy for Anxiety and Depression","author":"Wells","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.12.001","article-title":"The metacognitive beliefs account of hallucinatory experiences: a literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"31","author":"Varese","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4121-2_9","volume-title":"The Neuroscience of Hallucinations","author":"Varese","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00648","article-title":"Neural correlates of cognitive-attentional syndrome: an fMRI study on repetitive negative thinking induction and resting state functional connectivity","volume":"10","author":"Kowalski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2132","article-title":"Are experiences of psychosis associated with unhelpful metacognitive coping strategies? A systematic review of the evidence","volume":"25","author":"Sellers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.07.005","article-title":"Metacognitive factors and alterations of attention related to predisposition to hallucinations","volume":"40","author":"Cangas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.03.017","article-title":"Attentional control moderates the relationship between activation of the cognitive attentional syndrome and symptoms of psychopathology","volume":"53","author":"Fergus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2018.06.006","article-title":"The attention training technique causally reduces self-focus following worry provocation and reduces cognitive anxiety among self-focused individuals","volume":"61","author":"Fergus","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2020.103693","article-title":"Effects of attention training technique on brain function in high- and low-cognitive-attentional syndrome individuals: regional dynamics before, during, and after a single session of ATT","volume":"132","author":"Kowalski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.04.005","article-title":"Failure of attention focus and cognitive control in schizophrenia patients with auditory verbal hallucinations: evidence from dichotic listening","volume":"147","author":"Hugdahl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2014.977857","article-title":"Auditory verbal hallucinations reflect stable auditory attention deficits: a prospective study","volume":"20","author":"L\u00f8berg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref15","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Vol. 324","author":"Heinrichs","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.084384","article-title":"Neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"198","author":"Owen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0234-1","article-title":"An integrative framework for perceptual disturbances in psychosis","volume":"20","author":"Horga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.09.032","article-title":"A meta-analysis of metacognitive beliefs as implicated in the self-regulatory executive function model in clinical psychosis","volume":"179","author":"Sellers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2034","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.2034","article-title":"Network analysis: an overview for mental health research","volume":"33","author":"Briganti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.90","article-title":"Insights into hallucinations in schizophrenia: novel treatment approaches","volume":"11","author":"Aleman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2024.2434920","article-title":"Efficacy of metacognitive interventions for psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"54","author":"Andersson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724000564","article-title":"Do metacognitive therapies for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders work? A meta-analytic investigation","volume":"54","author":"Melville","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2019.21.3\/smoritz","article-title":"Metacognitive and cognitive-behavioral interventions for psychosis: new developments","volume":"21","author":"Moritz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.0277","article-title":"Immediate and sustained outcomes and moderators associated with metacognitive training for psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Penney","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10608-014-9633-9","article-title":"Schizophrenia and metacognition: an investigation of course of illness and metacognitive beliefs within a first episode psychosis","volume":"39","author":"Austin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cognit Ther Res"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.2012.02039.x","article-title":"The relationship between metacognitive beliefs, auditory hallucinations, and hallucination-related distress in clinical and non-clinical voice-hearers: metacognitive beliefs, voices, and distress","volume":"51","author":"Hill","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617712001476","article-title":"Auditory hallucinations and reduced language lateralization in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of dichotic listening studies","volume":"19","author":"Ocklenburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref28","first-page":"22","article-title":"The Mini international neuropsychiatric interview (M.I.N.I.): the development and validation of a structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10","volume":"59","author":"Sheehan","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2021.102732","article-title":"Large-scale evaluation of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) symptom architecture in schizophrenia","volume":"62","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008661","article-title":"Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: the psychotic symptom rating scales (PSYRATS)","volume":"29","author":"Haddock","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref32","first-page":"100","article-title":"Polska wersja Skal Oceny Objaw\u00f3w Psychotycznych (PSYRATS)","volume":"9","author":"Gaw\u0119da","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatria"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502760379127","article-title":"Cognitive and emotional predictors of predisposition to hallucinations in non-patients","volume":"41","author":"Morrison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref34","first-page":"527","article-title":"Polska wersja Zmodyfikowanej Skali Halucynacji (RHS) Morrisona i wsp. Analiza czynnikowa skali oraz cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 wyst\u0119powania do\u015bwiadcze\u0144 podobnych do omam\u00f3w w\u015br\u00f3d os\u00f3b zdrowych psychicznie","volume":"XLV","author":"Psychiatryczna","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01363","article-title":"The structure and measurement of unusual sensory experiences in different modalities: the multi-modality unusual sensory experiences questionnaire (MUSEQ)","volume":"8","author":"Mitchell","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.13504","article-title":"Assessing psychotic-like experiences using categorical and metacognitive approaches: a validation of polish self-report measures","volume":"18","author":"Kowalski","year":"2024","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref37","first-page":"345","article-title":"Validation of the polish version of the symptom checklist-27-plus questionnaire","volume":"48","author":"Kuncewicz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref38","first-page":"545","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the polish version of the metacognitions Questionnaire-30","volume":"45","author":"Dragan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(03)00147-5","article-title":"A short form of the metacognitions questionnaire: properties of the MCQ-30","volume":"42","author":"Wells","year":"2004","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2019.02.007","article-title":"Cognitive-attentional syndrome - the psychometric properties of the CAS-1 and multi-measure CAS-based clinical diagnosis","volume":"91","author":"Kowalski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-01193-y","article-title":"PsychoPy2: experiments in behavior made easy","volume":"51","author":"Peirce","year":"2019","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref42","first-page":"123","article-title":"Dichotic listening: probing temporal lobe functional integrity","volume":"1","author":"Hugdahl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Brain Asymmetry"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(67)80010-8","article-title":"Functional asymmetry of the brain in dichotic listening","volume":"3","author":"Kimura","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9450.2008.00676.x","article-title":"Attention and cognitive control: unfolding the dichotic listening story","volume":"50","author":"Hugdahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.47.2.427","article-title":"Construct accessibility and depression: an examination of cognitive and affective factors","volume":"47","author":"Gotlib","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53720","DOI":"10.3791\/53720","article-title":"The emotional Stroop task: assessing cognitive performance under exposure to emotional content","volume":"112","author":"Ben-Haim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0132305","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0132305","article-title":"Basic emotions in the Nencki affective word list (NAWL BE): new method of classifying emotional stimuli","volume":"10","author":"Wierzba","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1521\/soco.21.5.349.28686","article-title":"Noticing the self: implicit assessment of self-focused attention using word recognition latencies","volume":"21","author":"Eichstaedt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Soc Cogn"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2004.06.011","article-title":"Are rumination and reflection types of self-focused attention?","volume":"38","author":"Silvia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.111.2.225","article-title":"Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control","volume":"111","author":"Derryberry","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2478\/s10059-010-0001-7","article-title":"Psychometric properties of attentional control scale: the preliminary study on a polish sample","volume":"41","author":"Fajkowska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pol Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076760","article-title":"Public and private self-consciousness: assessment and theory","volume":"43","author":"Fenigstein","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref53","volume-title":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142dzia\u0142anie - rywalizacja: wybrane zagadnienia z psychologii kierowania.","author":"Kale\u0144ska-Rodzaj","year":"2008"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/bjop.12046","article-title":"From alpha to omega: a practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation","volume":"105","author":"Dunn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Br J Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref55","author":"The Jamovi Project","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref56","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref57","volume-title":"RStudio: Integrated Development for R","author":"RStudio Team","year":"2024"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","article-title":"Qgraph: network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data","volume":"48","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v093.i08","article-title":"Mgm: estimating time-varying mixed graphical models in high-dimensional data","volume":"93","author":"Haslbeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(67)80022-4","article-title":"A comparison of left-handed and right-handed subjects on verbal and non-verbal dichotic listening tasks","volume":"3","author":"Curry","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000471","article-title":"Reporting standards for psychological network analyses in cross-sectional data","volume":"28","author":"Burger","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000439","article-title":"Which estimation method to choose in network psychometrics? Deriving guidelines for applied researchers","volume":"28","author":"Isvoranu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2022.104163","article-title":"Quantifying and addressing the impact of measurement error in network models","volume":"157","author":"de Ron","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref65","first-page":"30","article-title":"Multiple imputation with multivariate imputation by chained equation (MICE) package","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1002\/spe.4380211102","article-title":"Graph drawing by force-directed placement","volume":"21","author":"Fruchterman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Softw Pract Experience"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2022.07.007","article-title":"Visual worry in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"153","author":"Kowalski","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2961","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.2961","article-title":"A systematic review of the relationship between generic and specific metacognitive beliefs and emotion dysregulation: a metacognitive model of emotion dysregulation","volume":"31","author":"Mansueto","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychother"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2266-5","article-title":"A test of the goodness of fit of the generic metacognitive model of psychopathology symptoms","volume":"19","author":"Nordahl","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.05.014","article-title":"\u2018Thinking about them is only making me feel worse\u2019. The mediating role of metacognitive factors in the relationship between paranoia-like beliefs and psychopathology symptoms in a community sample","volume":"244","author":"Kowalski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1177\/1534650111435696","article-title":"The effectiveness of the attention training technique in reducing intrusive thoughts in schizophrenia: a case study","volume":"10","author":"Levaux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Case Stud"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2004.01.011","article-title":"Dichotic listening in schizophrenic patients: effects of previous vs. ongoing auditory hallucinations","volume":"128","author":"L\u00f8berg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2024.102391","article-title":"A systematic review of performance-based assessment studies on cognitive biases in schizophrenia spectrum psychoses and clinical high-risk states: a summary of 40 years of research","volume":"108","author":"Gaw\u0119da","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/s44159-024-00376-z","article-title":"Self-reports are better measurement instruments than implicit measures","volume":"3","author":"Corneille","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10874","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-61469-6","article-title":"Multiple paths to rumination within a network analytical framework","volume":"14","author":"Tamm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s41811-023-00162-4","article-title":"Repetitive negative thinking as a central node between psychopathological domains: a network analysis","volume":"16","author":"Zagaria","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Cogn Ther"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084022","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2023.1084022","article-title":"Neural correlates of the attention training technique as used in metacognitive therapy - a randomized sham-controlled fMRI study in healthy volunteers","volume":"14","author":"Jahn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"2026100800440495100_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa063","article-title":"Antipsychotic dose in acute schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/5\/sbaf208\/65572404\/sbaf208.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/5\/sbaf208\/65572404\/sbaf208.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:45:00Z","timestamp":1791434700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf208\/8346066"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf208","relation":{},"ISSN":["0586-7614","1745-1701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"article-number":"sbaf208"}}