{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T11:00:07Z","timestamp":1774090807479,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["221638\/B\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["221638\/B\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence suggests a complex interplay among childhood trauma (CT), substance use, and psychopathology in psychosis, yet the precise nature of these relationships remains unclear. Network analysis offers distinct advantages for examining these factors simultaneously, as it can capture multidirectional associations across multiple trauma subtypes, substances, and symptoms that conventional methods may overlook.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, data from 317 patients with early psychosis were used. CT was assessed across 5 subtypes (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse; physical and emotional neglect) using a tailored questionnaire completed by case managers. Current use of alcohol, opioids, cocaine, cannabis, and amphetamines was evaluated with the Case Manager Rating Scale for Substance Abuse. Symptoms were measured with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. A mixed graphical model was fitted to estimate conditional associations among CT, substance use, and psychopathology. Further analyses on the network\u2019s connectivity were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three distinct patterns of connection emerged, respectively associated with cannabis use, depressive symptoms, and attentional difficulties, linking trauma to psychopathology. Cannabis emerged as a central bridge, linking trauma to both symptom severity and broader substance use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings highlight the nuanced relationships between CT, substance use, and psychopathology. They further suggest that cannabis may serve both as a catalyst for psychopathology and as a gateway to broader substance use among trauma-exposed individuals. Together, these findings may support more comprehensive clinical formulation and informed treatment planning in early intervention settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T13:04:58Z","timestamp":1766581498000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mapping the Interplay Between Childhood Trauma, Substance Use, and Psychopathology in Early Psychosis: A Network Analysis Approach"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0552-120X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Kiakos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , Lausanne , 1003,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Alameda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , Lausanne , 1003,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College , London , SE5 8AB,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"National Psychosis Unit, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust , London , SE5 8AZ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0495-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilith","family":"Abrahamyan-Empson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , Lausanne , 1003,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Spanevello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , Lausanne , 1003,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Gorgellino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , Lausanne , 1003,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Alerci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , Lausanne , 1003,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadir","family":"Mebdouhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , Lausanne , 1003,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Conus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , Lausanne , 1003,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service of General Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) , Lausanne , 1003,","place":["Switzerland"]},{"name":"Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College , London , SE5 8AB,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2019.08.004","article-title":"Childhood trauma and psychosis: an updated review","volume":"29","author":"Stanton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynstr.2018.100144","article-title":"Child maltreatment and the development of substance use and disorder","volume":"10","author":"Cicchetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol Stress"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-018-9973-9","article-title":"The relationship between childhood trauma, early-life stress, and alcohol and drug use, abuse, and addiction: an integrative review","volume":"40","author":"Moustafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.04.016","article-title":"The link between schizophrenia and substance use disorder: a unifying hypothesis","volume":"194","author":"Khokhar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00159","article-title":"The cannabis pathway to non-affective psychosis may reflect less neurobiological vulnerability","volume":"5","author":"L\u00f8berg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm127","article-title":"Childhood sexual abuse, early cannabis use, and psychosis: testing an interaction model based on the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"34","author":"Houston","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711000973","article-title":"Replication in two independent population-based samples that childhood maltreatment and cannabis use synergistically impact on psychosis risk","volume":"42","author":"Konings","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00084","article-title":"Role of environmental confounding in the association between FKBP5 and first-episode psychosis","volume":"5","author":"Ajnakina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12285","article-title":"Interaction between cannabis consumption and childhood abuse in psychotic disorders: preliminary findings on the role of different patterns of cannabis use","volume":"12","author":"Sideli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12212","article-title":"Does social defeat mediate the association between childhood trauma and psychosis? Evidence from the NEMESIS-2 study","volume":"29","author":"van Nierop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref11","first-page":"797","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations","volume":"29","author":"Whitfield","year":"2005","journal-title":"CABND3"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291725101190","article-title":"The impact of childhood trauma and cannabis use on paranoia: a structural equation model approach","volume":"55","author":"Trotta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608","article-title":"Network analysis: an integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology","volume":"9","author":"Borsboom","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa199","article-title":"Association between specific childhood adversities and symptom dimensions in people with psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Alameda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw055","article-title":"A network approach to psychosis: pathways between childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms","volume":"43","author":"Isvoranu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-025-00620-2","article-title":"Pathways between childhood trauma, clinical symptoms, and functioning in new-onset psychosis: novel insights from a network analysis approach","volume":"11","author":"Kiakos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Schizophrenia"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbac122","article-title":"A network approach to trauma, dissociative symptoms, and psychosis symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum disorders","volume":"49","author":"Schlesselmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09020189","article-title":"Cannabis use and the course of schizophrenia: 10-year follow-up after first hospitalization","volume":"167","author":"Foti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae174","article-title":"Exploring the interactions between psychotic symptoms, cognition, and environmental risk factors: a Bayesian analysis of networks","volume":"51","author":"Bosma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12037","article-title":"Treatment and early intervention in psychosis program (TIPP-Lausanne): implementation of an early intervention program for psychosis in Switzerland","volume":"7","author":"Baumann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2005.01714.x","article-title":"Mapping the onset of psychosis: the comprehensive assessment of At-risk mental states","volume":"39","author":"Yung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref22","first-page":"169","article-title":"Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Bernstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"CABND3"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S123","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbt150","article-title":"Psychopathological mechanisms linking childhood traumatic experiences to risk of psychotic symptoms: analysis of a large, representative population-based sample","volume":"40","author":"Van Nierop","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198907000-00004","article-title":"Alcohol use and abuse in schizophrenia: a prospective community study","volume":"177","author":"Drake","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.40.10.1041","article-title":"Substance abuse among the chronic mentally ill","volume":"40","author":"Drake","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2018.07.011","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbid substance use in schizophrenia spectrum disorders in community and clinical settings, 1990\u20132017: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"191","author":"Hunt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261","article-title":"The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia","volume":"13","author":"Kay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref28","first-page":"82","article-title":"COSMIN systematic review and meta-analysis of the measurement properties of the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS)","author":"Geck","year":"2025","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v093.i08","article-title":"MGM: estimating time-varying mixed graphical models in high-dimensional data","volume":"93","author":"Haslbeck","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref30","volume-title":"Network Psychometrics with R","author":"Blanken","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719002770","article-title":"Using network analysis to examine links between individual depressive symptoms, inflammatory markers, and covariates","volume":"50","author":"Fried","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa125","article-title":"Toward a complex network of risks for psychosis: combining trauma, cognitive biases, depression, and psychotic-like experiences on a large sample of young adults","volume":"47","author":"Gaw\u0119da","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref33","first-page":"2295","article-title":"The nonparanormal: semiparametric estimation of high dimensional undirected graphs","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2014.07.003","article-title":"State of the aRt personality research: a tutorial on network analysis of personality data in R","volume":"2015","author":"Costantini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000439","article-title":"Which estimation method to choose in network psychometrics? Deriving guidelines for applied researchers","volume":"28","author":"Isvoranu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref36","volume-title":"Network Psychometrics with R","author":"Deserno","year":"2022"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0862-1","article-title":"Estimating psychological networks and their accuracy: a tutorial paper","volume":"50","author":"Epskamp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1080\/00273171.2019.1614898","article-title":"Bridge centrality: a network approach to understanding comorbidity","volume":"56","author":"Jones","year":"2021","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-017-0910-x","article-title":"How well do network models predict observations? On the importance of predictability in network models","volume":"50","author":"Haslbeck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref40","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R. Core Team","year":"2013"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i04","article-title":"Qgraph: network visualizations of relationships in psychometric data","volume":"48","author":"Epskamp","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref42","first-page":"891","article-title":"Cumulative stressors and adolescent substance use: a review of 21st-century literature","volume":"23","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"TVA"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108563","article-title":"Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): a scoping review","volume":"221","author":"Leza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.03.014","article-title":"Childhood adversity specificity and dose-response effect in non-affective first-episode psychosis","volume":"165","author":"Trauelsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-023-01150-7","article-title":"Substance addictive behaviors and their relationship with interpersonal trauma, emotion dysregulation, and psychopathological symptoms: a correlation network approach","volume":"23","author":"Sideli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Addict"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2017.1402400","article-title":"The trauma factor: examining the relationships among different types of trauma, dissociation, and psychopathology","volume":"19","author":"Schimmenti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12051","article-title":"Linking lack of care in childhood to anxiety disorders in emerging adulthood: the role of attachment styles","volume":"20","author":"Schimmenti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010015","article-title":"Cannabis use, cannabis use disorder, and comorbid psychiatric illness: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Hasin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(14)70307-4","article-title":"Young adult sequelae of adolescent cannabis use: an integrative analysis","volume":"1","author":"Silins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.07.011","article-title":"Probability and predictors of the cannabis gateway effect: a national study","volume":"26","author":"Secades-Villa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720002172","article-title":"Childhood adversity and psychosis: a systematic review of bio-psycho-social mediators and moderators","volume":"50","author":"Sideli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/09084280903297859","article-title":"Frequency of attention deficit in first-episode schizophrenia compared to ADHD","volume":"17","author":"Egeland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1037\/a0014415","article-title":"Are psychotic psychopathology and neurocognition orthogonal? A systematic review of their associations","volume":"135","author":"de Gracia Dominguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sby150","article-title":"Childhood trauma and neurocognition in adults with psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Vargas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2018.11.028","article-title":"Childhood adversities and psychotic symptoms: the potential mediating or moderating role of neurocognition and social cognition","volume":"206","author":"Mansueto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2006.09.005","article-title":"Stress-reactivity in psychosis: evidence for an affective pathway to psychosis","volume":"27","author":"Myin-Germeys","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr046","article-title":"Impairment in functional capacity as an endophenotype candidate in severe mental illness","volume":"38","author":"Harvey","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.07.007","article-title":"Cannabis, nicotine and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"116","author":"Sabe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2013.00128","article-title":"Pathways from cannabis to psychosis: a review of the evidence","volume":"4","author":"Burns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/17522439.2023.2177326","article-title":"The interaction between attachment, trauma and cannabis in creating vulnerability for psychosis","volume":"16","author":"Carley","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychosis"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref61","first-page":"372","article-title":"Does insecure attachment lead to psychosis via dissociation? A systematic review of the literature","volume":"97","author":"Puckett","year":"2024","journal-title":"PAPTRAP"},{"key":"2026032106191016600_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2023.115626","article-title":"A systematic evidence map of the association between cannabis use and psychosis-related outcomes across the psychosis continuum: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses","volume":"331","author":"Groening","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/2\/sbaf253\/67455093\/sbaf253.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/2\/sbaf253\/67455093\/sbaf253.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T10:19:24Z","timestamp":1774088364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf253\/8532728"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbaf253","relation":{},"ISSN":["0586-7614","1745-1701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"article-number":"sbaf253"}}