{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T11:00:13Z","timestamp":1774090813890,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774051200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Royal Australian & New Zealand College of Psychiatry"},{"name":"Metro South Health Research Support Scheme","award":["RSS_2019_028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSS_2019_028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with psychotic disorders have limited strategies to manage acute psychological distress and emotions. Exercise has physical and mental health benefits but immediate psychological effects in this population remain underexplored. This study compared immediate psychological responses to resistance training (RT) and aerobic exercise among individuals with psychotic disorders in psychiatric rehabilitation and examined whether clinical characteristics were associated with these responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-three participants were randomized to RT or aerobic exercise. Immediate psychological responses\u2014psychological distress, positive wellbeing, and fatigue\u2014were assessed using the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale at 2 timepoints within an 8-week trial (week 3: n\u00a0=\u200952; week 8: n\u00a0=\u200948), pre- and 10\u00a0min post-exercise. Baseline assessments included clinical and motivational variables. Primary analyses used linear mixed models for repeated measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both exercise types led to large increases in positive wellbeing (RT: Hedges\u2019 g\u2009=\u20091.24; aerobic: g\u2009=\u20091.31) and reductions in psychological distress (RT: g\u2009=\u2009\u20130.91; aerobic: g\u2009=\u2009\u20131.05). A significant group-by-time interaction was observed for fatigue, which increased in RT (g\u2009=\u20090.43) and decreased in aerobic (g\u2009=\u2009\u20130.58). Higher fatigue was associated with greater controlled motivation (\u03b2\u00a0=\u20091.72) and depressed mood (\u03b2\u00a0=\u20090.80) at baseline.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>RT and aerobic exercise improved positive wellbeing and reduced psychological distress whereas fatigue differed by exercise type. Findings suggest exercise may be a promising intervention for modulating immediate psychological responses in people with psychotic disorders in psychiatric rehabilitation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbag012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T10:20:01Z","timestamp":1774088401000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immediate Psychological Responses to Aerobic and Resistance Exercise in People With Psychotic Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Psychiatric Rehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1414-1050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Korman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Metro South Health , Brisbane , 4102,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research , Wacol , 4076,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, 4072 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2958-2783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justin","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Metro South Health , Brisbane , 4102,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University , Brisbane, QLD, 4111 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Jerome","family":"Romain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire en sant\u00e9 mentale de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, H1N3V2 ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, H3T1J4 ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Urska","family":"Arnautovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Metro South Health , Brisbane , 4102,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research , Wacol , 4076,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, 4072 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendon","family":"Stubbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["United Kingdom, SE58AF"]},{"name":"Division of Social Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, 1090 ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna, 1090 ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Rosenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition, Exercise and Social Equity Research Group, Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, 2052,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2072-9216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan J","family":"Siskind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Metro South Health , Brisbane , 4102,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research , Wacol , 4076,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, 4072 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Medical, and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University , Rockhampton, QLD, 4701,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Cluster for Resilience and Wellbeing, Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University , Wayville, South Australia, 5034 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5978-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike","family":"Trott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Metro South Health , Brisbane , 4102,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research , Wacol , 4076,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, 4072 ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01730-X","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"399","author":"Jauhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3360","article-title":"Schizophrenia\u2014an overview","volume":"77","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5319","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02138-4","article-title":"Incidence, prevalence, and global burden of schizophrenia - data, with critical appraisal, from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019","volume":"28","author":"Solmi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(25)00031-8","article-title":"INTEGRATE: international guidelines for the algorithmic treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"12","author":"McCutcheon","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.13023","article-title":"Systematic review of self-management in patients with schizophrenia: psychometric assessment of tools, levels of self-management and associated factors","volume":"72","author":"van Schie","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbn101","article-title":"Psychosocial stress and psychosis. A review of the neurobiological mechanisms and the evidence for gene-stress interaction","volume":"34","author":"van Winkel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/eip.12847","article-title":"Coping strategies in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Riera-L\u00f3pez de Aguileta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Early Interv Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800902811065","article-title":"Strategies used by psychotic individuals to cope with life stress and symptoms of illness: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Phillips","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anxiety Stress Coping"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2023.24","article-title":"Exercise to treat psychopathology and other clinical outcomes in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Gallardo-G\u00f3mez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbae015","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions for psychotic disorders: the impact of exercise intensity, mindfulness components, and other moderators on symptoms, functioning, and cardiometabolic Health","volume":"50","author":"Ri\u00dfmayer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-019-01187-6","article-title":"Exercise as medicine for mental and substance use disorders: a meta-review of the benefits for neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes","volume":"50","author":"Ashdown-Franks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sport Med"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.04.012","article-title":"The effect of exercise on global, social, daily living and occupational functioning in people living with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"256","author":"Korman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.01.003","article-title":"Dropout from exercise randomized controlled trials among people with anxiety and stress-related disorders: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"282","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-160040","article-title":"The effects of acute exercise on mood, cognition, neurophysiology, and neurochemical pathways: a review","volume":"2","author":"Basso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Plast"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000001321","article-title":"Affective responses to acute exercise: a meta-analysis of the potential beneficial effects of a single bout of exercise on general mood, anxiety, and depressive symptoms","volume":"86","author":"Weinstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2022.110828","article-title":"Affective responses to both climbing and nordic walking exercise are associated with intermediate-term increases in physical activity in patients with anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder \u2013 a randomized longitudinal controlled clinical pilot trial","volume":"157","author":"Bichler","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2020.101800","article-title":"Exercise is medicine\u2026 when you enjoy it: exercise enjoyment, relapse prevention efficacy, and health outcomes for youth within a drug and alcohol treatment service","volume":"52","author":"Furzer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1179546817701725","article-title":"Psychological responses to acute aerobic, resistance, or combined exercise in healthy and overweight individuals: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Elkington","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Med Insight Cardiol"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00542","article-title":"Subcortical dopamine and cognition in schizophrenia: looking beyond psychosis in preclinical models","volume":"14","author":"Conn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2917","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S393775","article-title":"Biopsychology of physical activity in people with schizophrenia: an integrative perspective on barriers and intervention strategies","volume":"18","author":"Arnautovska","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(19)30132-4","article-title":"The lancet psychiatry commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness","volume":"6","author":"Firth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00694","article-title":"Sprint interval training and continuous aerobic exercise training have similar effects on exercise motivation and affective responses to exercise in patients with major depressive disorders: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"9","author":"Gerber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0000000000000510","article-title":"The effect of acute exercise on affect and arousal in inpatient mental Health consumers","volume":"204","author":"Stanton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001860","article-title":"Acute exercise effects among Young adults with analogue generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"51","author":"Herring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.02.004","article-title":"The acute antipanic and anxiolytic activity of aerobic exercise in patients with panic disorder and healthy control subjects","volume":"43","author":"Str\u00f6hle","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2015.04.008","article-title":"Acute exercise ameliorates craving and inhibitory deficits in methamphetamine: an ERP study","volume":"147","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.05.089","article-title":"The acute affective response to physical activity in people with depression: a meta-analysis","volume":"311","author":"Bourke","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2014.00148","article-title":"High aerobic intensity training and psychological states in patients with depression or schizophrenia","volume-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry","author":"Heggelund","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2010.509458","article-title":"State anxiety, psychological stress and positive well-being responses to yoga and aerobic exercise in people with schizophrenia: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798-020-00271-w","article-title":"Muscle-strengthening exercise epidemiology: a new frontier in chronic disease prevention","volume":"6","author":"Bennie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sport Med Open"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2021-105061","article-title":"Muscle-strengthening activities are associated with lower risk and mortality in major non-communicable diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"56","author":"Momma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0572","article-title":"Association of efficacy of resistance exercise training with depressive symptoms. Meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis of randomized clinical trials","volume":"75","author":"Gordon","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.07.004","article-title":"EPA guidance on physical activity as a treatment for severe mental illness: a meta-review of the evidence and position statement from the European psychiatric association (EPA), supported by the International Organization of Physical Therapists in mental Health (IOPTMH)","volume":"54","author":"Stubbs","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00147","article-title":"The implementation of evidence-based psychiatric rehabilitation: challenges and opportunities for mental Health services","volume":"10","author":"Vita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230500060144","article-title":"What do mental health rehabilitation services do and what are they for? A national survey in England","volume":"14","author":"Killaspy","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Mental Health"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1177\/10398562231190540","article-title":"The renaissance of mental health rehabilitation services","volume":"31","author":"Killaspy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Australas Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000407","article-title":"Recovery from schizophrenia: is it possible?","volume":"31","author":"Vita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00319","article-title":"Feasibility and acceptability of a student-led lifestyle (diet and exercise) intervention within a residential rehabilitation setting for people with severe mental illness, GO HEART (group occupation, Health, exercise and rehabilitation treatment). Original research","volume":"11","author":"","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1214530","article-title":"A Behavioral weight-loss intervention in persons with serious mental illness","volume":"368","author":"Daumit","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.224","article-title":"Behavioral weight-loss intervention for persons with serious mental illness in psychiatric rehabilitation centers","volume":"35","author":"Daumit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mhpa.2008.11.001","article-title":"Feasibility and effects of a group-based resistance and aerobic exercise program for individuals with severe schizophrenia: a multidisciplinary approach","volume":"2","author":"Marzolini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ment Health Phys Act"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00048674251361681","article-title":"The feasibility of resistance training versus aerobic exercise in a rehabilitation setting for people living with psychotic disorders: a randomised controlled trial","author":"Korman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aus N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref43","volume-title":"Community Care Unit Model of Service","author":"Health","year":"2015"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00798","article-title":"A comprehensive cohort description and statistical grouping of community-based residential rehabilitation service users in Australia","volume":"10","author":"Parker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref45","volume-title":"Pre-exercise Screening, Guide to the Australian Adult Pre-exercise Screening System","author":"Norton","year":"2011"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291714003110","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of exercise interventions in schizophrenia patients","volume":"45","author":"Firth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12407","article-title":"Promotion of cardiorespiratory fitness in schizophrenia: a clinical overview and meta-analysis","volume":"132","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref49","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription","author":"American College of Sports Medicine","year":"2010","edition":"8th"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref50","volume-title":"Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2025"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198205000-00012","article-title":"Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion","volume":"14","author":"Borg","year":"1982","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2024.11.004","article-title":"Physical activity and exercise intensity terminology: a joint American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) expert statement and exercise and sport science Australia (ESSA) consensus statement","volume":"28","author":"Bishop","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/S1440-2440(01)80005-0","article-title":"Feeling state responses to acute exercise of high and low intensity","volume":"4","author":"Blanchard","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.16.2.163","article-title":"The subjective exercise experiences scale (SEES): development and preliminary validation","volume":"16","author":"McAuley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119870203","volume-title":"The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","edition":"14th ed"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1123\/jsep.26.2.191","article-title":"A modification to the behavioural regulation in exercise questionnaire to include an assessment of amotivation","volume":"26","author":"Markland","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291724001879","article-title":"Which behavioral regulations predict physical activity and sedentary behavior in people with mental illness?","volume":"54","author":"Chapman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691612447309","article-title":"Self-determination theory applied to Health contexts: a meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Ng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9861.2006.tb00021.x","article-title":"\"Its Who I Am...Really!\" The importance of integrated regulation in exercise contexts","volume":"11","author":"Wilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Appl Biobehav Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2001.00185.x","article-title":"A structured interview guide increases brief psychiatric rating scale reliability in raters with low clinical experience","volume":"103","author":"Crippa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290070020005","article-title":"Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: definition and reliability","volume":"39","author":"Andreasen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.12.032","article-title":"Identifying clinically meaningful symptom response cut-off values on the SANS in predominant negative symptoms","volume":"145","author":"Levine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.09.067231","article-title":"Developing the World Health Organization disability assessment schedule 2.0","volume":"88","author":"\u00dcSt\u00dcN","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-2473-0","article-title":"Assessing physical activity in people with mental illness: 23-country reliability and validity of the simple physical activity questionnaire (SIMPAQ)","volume":"20","author":"Rosenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/00336297.2004.10491815","article-title":"Subjective well-being in obese individuals: the multiple roles of exercise","volume":"56","author":"Berger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Quest"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1548","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3181a026e5","article-title":"Psychological responses to acute resistance exercise in men and women who are obese","volume":"23","author":"Levinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.31128\/AJGP-04-20-5384","article-title":"Physical exercise and the patient with schizophrenia","volume":"49","author":"Viljoen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust J Gen Pract"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1992.10475190","article-title":"Generalized collinearity diagnostics","volume":"87","author":"Fox","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.2307\/2533558","article-title":"Small sample inference for fixed effects from restricted maximum likelihood","volume":"53","author":"Kenward","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biometrics."},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.20f13681","article-title":"Mean difference, standardized mean difference (SMD), and their use in meta-analysis: as simple as it gets","volume":"81","author":"Andrade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2021.07.006","article-title":"Multiple comparisons: to compare or not to compare, that is the question","volume":"18","author":"Barnett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119889296","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia: updated recommendations from the British Association for Psychopharmacology","volume-title":"J Psychopharmacol","author":"Barnes","year":"2020"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.187.4.366","article-title":"Clinical implications of brief psychiatric rating scale scores","volume":"187","author":"Leucht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref74","first-page":"112","article-title":"Anchoring the BPRS - an aid to improved reliability","volume":"24","author":"Woerner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00596","article-title":"Why do people with schizophrenia exercise? A mixed methods analysis among community dwelling regular exercisers","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Psych"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.01.030","article-title":"Characterizing the affective responses to an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise among outpatients with schizophrenia","volume":"237","author":"Duncan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12218","article-title":"Anticipatory pleasure for future experiences in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"58","author":"Hallford","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.11.007","article-title":"A meta-analysis of self-reported anticipatory and consummatory pleasure in the schizophrenia-spectrum","volume":"121","author":"Visser","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14623730.2007.9721835","article-title":"Phases in Physical Activity Initiation and Maintenance among Men with Serious Mental Illness","volume-title":"Int J Ment Health Promot","author":"Carless"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2014.951481","article-title":"The value of social support to encourage people with schizophrenia to engage in physical activity: an international insight from specialist mental health physiotherapists","volume":"23","author":"Soundy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2018.1474941","article-title":"The acute effects of resistance exercise on affect, anxiety, and mood - practical implications for designing resistance training programs","volume":"12","author":"Cavarretta","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00403","article-title":"An evidence-based approach for choosing post-exercise recovery techniques to reduce markers of muscle damage, soreness, fatigue, and inflammation: a systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Dupuy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2010.01014.x","article-title":"Effects of cycling exercise on vigor, fatigue, and electroencephalographic activity among young adults who report persistent fatigue","volume":"47","author":"Dishman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychophysiology."},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440701405704","article-title":"The role of motives in exercise participation","volume":"23","author":"Ingledew","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.10.004","article-title":"The importance of self-determined motivation towards physical activity in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"210","author":"Vancampfort","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00960-w","article-title":"Disentangling fatigue from anhedonia: a scoping review","volume":"10","author":"Billones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13020173","article-title":"Benzodiazepines and mood stabilizers in schizophrenia patients treated with oral versus long-acting injectable antipsychotics-an observational study","volume":"13","author":"Miron","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psycom.2024.100158","article-title":"Effect of the guideline education program on anticholinergic and benzodiazepine use in outpatients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder: the effectiveness of guidelines for dissemination and education in psychiatric treatment (EGUIDE) project","volume":"4","author":"Yamagata","year":"2024","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Commun"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S225643","article-title":"Negative symptoms in schizophrenia: a review and clinical guide for recognition, assessment, and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Correll","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10112","DOI":"10.2196\/10112","article-title":"Web-based intervention using behavioral activation and physical activity for adults with depression (the eMotion study): pilot randomized controlled trial","volume":"20","author":"Lambert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2022.12.051","article-title":"Community-based multi-site randomized controlled trial of behavioral activation for patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia","volume":"252","author":"Oh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2869","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716001732","author":"Firth","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e55468","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.55468","article-title":"Aerobic exercise and endocannabinoids: a narrative review of stress regulation and brain reward systems","volume":"16","author":"Gupta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112851","article-title":"Habits, rituals, and the evaluative brain","volume":"31","author":"Graybiel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref95","volume-title":"Oxford Library of Psychology","author":"Ekkekakis","year":"2012"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-015-9704-5","article-title":"Can the affective response to exercise predict future motives and physical activity behavior? A systematic review of published evidence","volume":"49","author":"Rhodes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Behav Med"},{"key":"2026032106195495200_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1249\/TJX.0000000000000126","article-title":"Measurements of acute affective responses to resistance exercise: a narrative review","volume":"5","author":"Beaumont","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trans J Am Coll Sport Med"}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/2\/sbag012\/67454454\/sbag012.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/52\/2\/sbag012\/67454454\/sbag012.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T10:20:03Z","timestamp":1774088403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbag012\/8532576"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbag012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0586-7614","1745-1701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"article-number":"sbag012"}}