{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T11:26:49Z","timestamp":1792582009599,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775779200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institute of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PJT-159807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJT-159807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Early Researcher Awards"},{"name":"Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities","award":["ER-16-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER-16-026"]}]},{"name":"Innovation Fund of the Alternative Funding Plan for the Academic Health Sciences Center of Ontario"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Impaired insight into illness affects up to 95% of individuals with schizophrenia, depending on the stage of illness, and is a predictor of antipsychotic nonadherence and poor clinical outcomes. Despite its importance, no effective treatment exists. Interhemispheric imbalance in frontoparietal regions may serve as a biomarker of impaired insight into illness and target for transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Meta-analyses suggest that sham-controlled multisession tDCS applied to frontotemporoparietal areas improves insight in schizophrenia. However, no randomized controlled tDCS trial has targeted the posterior parietal areas to improve insight into illness. We hypothesized that multisession biparietal tDCS would lead to both immediate (ie, following 2-weeks of tDCS) and sustained (ie, up to 4-weeks) improvement in insight in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-four participants with schizophrenia\/schizoaffective disorder and impaired insight into illness were randomized to receive either active (n\u2009=\u200918) or sham (n\u2009=\u200916) biparietal tDCS (anodal\/cathodal:P4\/P3), administered twice daily over 10\u00a0days. Insight was assessed using the VAGUS Insight into Psychosis scale at baseline pre-treatment, post-treatment, and weekly for 4\u00a0weeks. Linear mixed-effects models compared estimated marginal mean VAGUS scores between conditions, with and without adjusting for Intelligence Quotient (IQ), illness severity, and clozapine use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Active tDCS significantly improved average VAGUS scores immediately following and up to 4\u00a0weeks post-treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biparietal tDCS appears to be a promising intervention for improving insight in schizophrenia. Future research should explore its adjunctive use with medication to enhance treatment adherence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbag022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T12:33:23Z","timestamp":1770122003000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Immediate and Sustained Effects of Multi-Session Biparietal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Insight in Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Jianmeng","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Multimodal Imaging Group, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) , 250 College St., Toronto, ON , M5T 1R8,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto , 1 King's College Cir., Toronto, ON , M5S 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