{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T08:12:52Z","timestamp":1778314372212,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cognitive models of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) posit dysfunctional beliefs and cognitive biases as maintenance mechanisms of positive and negative symptoms. Although cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) targets these processes, its effects on mechanism-level outcomes remain unclear. This review examined whether CBT modifies dysfunctional beliefs and cognitive biases in SSD using rigorous randomized evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRISMA 2020\u2014compliant systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO registered). Primary analyses were restricted to intention-to-treat (ITT) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in SSD samples, using random-effects models and between-group post-treatment estimates. Pre\u2013post and nonrandomized studies were analyzed separately as secondary evidence. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. Fourteen ITT RCTs contributed to the primary pooled analysis of dysfunctional beliefs, yielding a small but statistically significant effect favoring CBT (g\u2009=\u20090.154, 95% CI, 0.049-0.259). Effects were strongest for delusional conviction (g\u2009=\u20090.450) and self-related schemas (positive-self g\u2009=\u20090.278; negative-self g\u2009=\u20090.298). Voice-related beliefs did not reach statistical significance. Too few RCTs assessed cognitive biases to support primary pooled analyses; exploratory findings suggested small effects for belief inflexibility and no reliable effect for jumping-to-conclusions. Greater reductions in dysfunctional beliefs were associated with greater improvements in positive symptoms across trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CBT produces small but reliable improvements in dysfunctional beliefs in SSD, although effects vary by domains particularly for delusional conviction and self-schemas, supporting their role as modifiable therapeutic targets and plausible mechanisms of change. Effects on cognitive biases remain limited and understudied.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbag066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T11:27:42Z","timestamp":1775561262000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapies Targeting Cognitive Biases and Beliefs in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Donald","family":"Massicotte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, QC ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Livet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al (CHUM) , Montr\u00e9al, H2X 0C1, QC ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Clinique des jeunes adultes psychotiques (JAP) , Montr\u00e9al, H2X 3E4, QC ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6439-6344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Lahlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, H3C 3J7, QC ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Potvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement de psychologie, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al , Montr\u00e9al, H3C 3J7, QC ,","place":["Canada"]},{"name":"Centre de recherche de l\u2019Institut universitaire en sant\u00e9 mentale de Montr\u00e9al (CR-IUSMM) , Montr\u00e9al, H1N 3M5, QC 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