{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:15:21Z","timestamp":1787984121155,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":41,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH110544"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH110544"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH130848"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH130848"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NCT02823041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NCT02823041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our initial smaller study and other recent research suggest that adding a physical exercise program to cognitive training has promise for enhancing the impact on attention and overall cognition. We hypothesized that this would be the case even compared to adding a healthy living training program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a randomized clinical trial of individuals with a recent first episode of schizophrenia, we provided cognitive training, 4\u00a0h\/week for 6\u00a0months for all participants. Half were randomized to a physical exercise program and half to a healthy living group. The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery was administered at baseline, 3, and 6\u00a0months, with a focus on Attention\/Vigilance. Exercise was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the number of exercise sessions completed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Attention\/Vigilance was differentially enhanced by cognitive training and physical exercise compared to cognitive training and healthy living group (T score gain of 4.6 vs. \u22120.2 over 6\u00a0months, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.01). Improvement in Attention\/Vigilance by 3\u00a0months was significantly associated with number of exercise sessions attended (P\u00a0=\u2009.02) and exercise intensity (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.03) during that period. Attention\/Vigilance gain by 6\u00a0months was significantly predicted by total metabolic energy expended during the first 3\u00a0months (P\u00a0=\u2009.04) and proportion of group exercise sessions attended (P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u2009.01) over 6\u00a0months. In the first 3\u00a0months, brain-derived neurotropic factor tended to increase in the exercise condition but decrease in the comparison condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adding an exercise program to cognitive training enhances the impact on the core deficit in attention in schizophrenia. The gains in attention are significantly related to the amount and intensity of exercise, consistent with the view that physical exercise is driving the attention improvements beyond the effect of cognitive training.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbag136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:53:19Z","timestamp":1782867199000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Physical Exercise Program Significantly Boosts the Impact of Cognitive Training on Attention Deficits After a First Episode of Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Keith H","family":"Nuechterlein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA 90095-6968 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of 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