{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:54:37Z","timestamp":1788522877395,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,19]],"date-time":"2008-01-19T01:34:29Z","timestamp":1200706469000},"page":"213-221","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Impaired Flush Response to Niacin Skin Patch Among Schizophrenia Patients and Their Nonpsychotic Relatives: The Effect of Genetic Loading"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Shu-Sen","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Min","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng-Hsiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai-Gwo","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tzung J.","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi K.","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming H.","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-Chin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei J.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2005.01528.x","article-title":"Nicotinic acid: the broad-spectrum lipid drug. A 50th anniversary review","volume":"258","author":"Carlson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12499963","article-title":"Identification of skin as a major site of prostaglandin D2 release following oral administration of niacin in humans","volume":"98","author":"Morrow","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-6980(89)90088-9","article-title":"Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 in vivo in humans following the administration of nicotinic acid","volume":"38","author":"Morrow","year":"1989","journal-title":"Prostaglandins"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib4","volume-title":"Niacin Therapy in Psychiatry","author":"Hoffer","year":"1962"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib5","first-page":"54","article-title":"Schizophrenia: a biochemical disorder?","volume":"32","author":"Horrobin","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(91)90202-W","article-title":"Niacin test in schizophrenia and affective illness","volume":"29","author":"Rybakowski","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-3278(96)90139-8","article-title":"Membrane fatty acids, niacin flushing and clinical parameters","volume":"55","author":"Glen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00112-6","article-title":"The niacin challenge test: clinical manifestation of altered transmembrane signal transduction in schizophrenia?","volume":"41","author":"Hudson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(97)00100-X","article-title":"Niacin skin flush in schizophrenia: a preliminary report","volume":"29","author":"Ward","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib10","first-page":"163","article-title":"Unmedicated schizophrenic patients have a reduced skin flush in response to topical niacin","volume":"43","author":"Shah","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2001.tb11065.x","article-title":"The niacin skin flush test in schizophrenia: a replication study","volume":"55","author":"Puri","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(03)00006-2","article-title":"Potential use of the topical niacin skin test in early psychosis\u2014a combined approach using optical reflection spectroscopy and a descriptive rating scale","volume":"37","author":"Smesny","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(03)00152-0","article-title":"On the relationship between methylnicotinate-induced skin flush and fatty acids levels in acute psychosis","volume":"27","author":"Maclean","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00311-0","article-title":"The niacin skin flush abnormality in schizophrenia: a quantitative dose-response study","volume":"62","author":"Messamore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(03)00145-7","article-title":"Reduced vasodilatory response to methylnicotinate in schizophrenia as assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry","volume":"14","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.10.002","article-title":"Absent response to niacin skin patch is specific to schizophrenia and independent of smoking","volume":"152","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2005.10.010","article-title":"Niacin skin flushing in schizophrenic and depressed patients and healthy controls","volume":"143","author":"Bosveld-van Haandel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(02)00303-2","article-title":"Normal phospholipid-related signal transduction in autism","volume":"26","author":"Puri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00281-5","article-title":"Increased phospholipase A2 activity in schizophrenia with absent response to niacin","volume":"61","author":"Tavares","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.02.007","article-title":"Impaired niacin sensitivity in acute first-episode but not in multi-episode schizophrenia","volume":"72","author":"Smesny","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib21","first-page":"314","article-title":"The niacin skin flush test: first-degree relatives show responses intermediate between patients and controls","volume":"36","author":"Shah","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(99)00031-6","article-title":"Co-distribution of sensory gating and impaired niacin flush response in the parents of schizophrenics","volume":"40","author":"Waldo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbl038","article-title":"Familial aggregation in skin flush response to niacin patch among schizophrenic patients and their nonpsychotic relatives","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.1.23","article-title":"Clinical genetics as clues to the \u201creal\u201d genetics of schizophrenia (a decade of modest gains while playing for time)","volume":"13","author":"Gottesman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.151.3.306","article-title":"The familial\/sporadic distinction as a strategy in schizophrenia research","volume":"151","author":"Lewis","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/16.3.367","article-title":"Problems and pitfalls of the family history positive and negative dichotomy: response to Dalen","volume":"16","author":"Farmer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00263-2","article-title":"Neuropsychologic functioning among the nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients: the effect of genetic loading","volume":"48","author":"Faraone","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00232-4","article-title":"Familial loading associates with impairment in visual span among healthy siblings of schizophrenia patients","volume":"54","author":"Tuulio-Henriksson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.03.045","article-title":"More severe sustained attention deficits in nonpsychotic siblings of multiplex schizophrenia families than in those of simplex ones","volume":"87","author":"Tsuang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30139","article-title":"Taiwan schizophrenia linkage study: the field study","volume":"134","author":"Hwu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950110009002","article-title":"Diagnostic interview for genetic studies. Rationale, unique features, and training. NIMH Genetics Initiative","volume":"51","author":"Nurnberger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.9.1214","article-title":"Sustained attention deficit and schizotypal personality features in nonpsychotic relatives of schizophrenic patients","volume":"155","author":"Chen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib33","volume-title":"Family Interview for Genetic Studies","author":"NIMH Genetics Initiative","year":"1992"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/15.4.559","article-title":"The Structured Interview for Schizotypy (SIS): a preliminary report","volume":"15","author":"Kendler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006947","article-title":"Morbidity risk of psychiatric disorders among the first degree relatives of schizophrenia patients in Taiwan","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2307\/2529876","article-title":"Random-effects models for longitudinal data","volume":"38","author":"Laird","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.3.310","article-title":"Move over ANOVA: progress in analyzing repeated-measures data and its reflection in papers published in the Archives of General Psychiatry","volume":"61","author":"Gueorguieva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700009910","article-title":"The sporadic v. familial classification given aetiological heterogeneity: II. Power analyses","volume":"18","author":"Kendler","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/0920-9964(89)90026-1","article-title":"Familial and sporadic schizophrenia. A simulation study of statistical power","volume":"2","author":"Lyons","year":"1989","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.6.805","article-title":"Validity of the familial and sporadic subtypes of schizophrenia","volume":"151","author":"Roy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.01.007","article-title":"The influence of age and gender on niacin skin test results\u2014implications for the use as a biochemical marker in schizophrenia","volume":"38","author":"Smesny","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.636","article-title":"The endophenotype concept in psychiatry: etymology and strategic intentions","volume":"160","author":"Gottesman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2007.07.002","article-title":"Negative correlation between cerebral inorganic phosphate and the volumetric niacin response in male patients with schizophrenia who have seriously and dangerously violently offended: a (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study","volume":"77","author":"Puri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2003.08.013","article-title":"Relationship between the niacin skin flush response and essential fatty acids in schizophrenia","volume":"69","author":"Messamore","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00092-X","article-title":"Essential fatty acids, lipid membrane abnormalities, and the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia","volume":"47","author":"Fenton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2001.01021.x","article-title":"Implications of lipid biology for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia","volume":"36","author":"Berger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20156","article-title":"Association of a long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase 4 gene polymorphism with depression and with enhanced niacin-induced dermal erythema","volume":"127","author":"Covault","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-6-7","article-title":"Theories of schizophrenia: a genetic-inflammatory-vascular synthesis","volume":"6","author":"Hanson","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040034_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(00)00082-7","article-title":"An animal model of nicotinic-acid-induced vasodilation: effect of haloperidol, caffeine and nicotine upon nicotinic acid response","volume":"50","author":"Turenne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/35\/1\/213\/16976544\/sbm153.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T22:33:21Z","timestamp":1684190001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbm153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,18]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbm153","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-1701","0586-7614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,18]]}}}