{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T18:19:47Z","timestamp":1793729987009,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbp024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,15]],"date-time":"2009-04-15T01:49:15Z","timestamp":1239760155000},"page":"1050-1058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Autonomic Dysfunction in Unaffected First-Degree Relatives of Patients Suffering From Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Karl-J\u00fcrgen","family":"B\u00e4r","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandy","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Metzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Boettger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaitra T.","family":"Ramachandraiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneke","family":"Terhaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Voss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikram K.","family":"Yeragani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Sauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2004.12.007","article-title":"Loss of efferent vagal activity in acute schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Bar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00811.2006","article-title":"Decreased baroreflex sensitivity in acute schizophrenia","volume":"102","author":"Bar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.06.012","article-title":"Non-linear complexity measures of heart rate variability in acute schizophrenia","volume":"118","author":"Bar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830220020003","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system markers of psychopathology in childhood-onset schizophrenia","volume":"54","author":"Zahn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.05.025","article-title":"Autonomic activity in relation to symptom ratings and reaction time in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia","volume":"79","author":"Zahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000088901.24613.b8","article-title":"Influences of an anticholinergic antiparkinsonian drug, parkinsonism, and psychotic symptoms on cardiac autonomic function in schizophrenia","volume":"23","author":"Okada","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(98)00047-6","article-title":"The influence of psychotic states on the autonomic nervous system in schizophrenia","volume":"31","author":"Toichi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-8986.00072","article-title":"Heart rate variability in acute psychosis","volume":"40","author":"Valkonen-Korhonen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2006.08.009","article-title":"Altered diurnal autonomic variation and reduced vagal information flow in acute schizophrenia","volume":"117","author":"Boettger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.05.034","article-title":"Acute psychosis leads to increased QT variability in patients suffering from schizophrenia","volume":"95","author":"Bar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.06.012","article-title":"The interaction between pupil function and cardiovascular regulation in patients with acute schizophrenia","volume":"119","author":"B\u00e4r","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.3.480","article-title":"Dysregulation of arousal and amygdala-prefrontal systems in paranoid schizophrenia","volume":"161","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2006.12.018","article-title":"Fronto-limbic and autonomic disjunctions to negative emotion distinguish schizophrenia subtypes","volume":"155","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1515\/BMT.2006.045","article-title":"Differences between heart rate and blood pressure variability in schizophrenia","volume":"51","author":"Bar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomed Tech (Berl)."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-9964(02)00385-7","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of select biological indices in characterizing psychotic patients and their relatives","volume":"63","author":"Sponheim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2004.12.010","article-title":"Are eye movement abnormalities indicators of genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia?","volume":"20","author":"Boudet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(99)00071-2","article-title":"Electrodermal activation in first-episode psychotic patients and their first-degree relatives","volume":"88","author":"Iacono","year":"1999","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2007.00503.x","article-title":"Nonlinear broad band dynamics are less complex in major depression","volume":"10","author":"Boettger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.10.011","article-title":"Increased pulse-wave velocity in patients with anxiety: implications for autonomic dysfunction","volume":"61","author":"Yeragani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1159\/000066388","article-title":"Nonlinear measures of respiration: respiratory irregularity and increased chaos of respiration in patients with panic disorder","volume":"46","author":"Yeragani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.03.014","article-title":"Reduced baroreflex sensitivity in acute alcohol withdrawal syndrome and in abstained alcoholics","volume":"85","author":"Bar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.01.010","article-title":"Increased QT interval variability index in acute alcohol withdrawal","volume":"89","author":"Bar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Depend."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2792","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000146334.96820.6E","article-title":"Heritability of ambulatory heart rate variability","volume":"110","author":"Kupper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.17.2251","article-title":"Heritability of heart rate variability: the Framingham Heart Study","volume":"99","author":"Singh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1017\/S0001566000005419","article-title":"Genetic influences on respiratory sinus arrhythmia across different task conditions","volume":"39","author":"Boomsma","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Genet Med Gemellol (Roma)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1997.tb02402.x","article-title":"Heritability of respiratory sinus arrhythmia: dependency on task and respiration rate","volume":"34","author":"Snieder","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1007\/s004399900189","article-title":"Inheritance of heart rate variability: the kibbutzim family study","volume":"105","author":"Sinnreich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Genet."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.37.3.907","article-title":"Genetic influences on baroreflex function in normal twins","volume":"37","author":"Tank","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0736(96)80045-8","article-title":"Familial and genetic influences on heart rate variability","volume":"29","author":"Voss","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Electrocardiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib30","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I\/NP)","author":"First","year":"2002"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000284894","article-title":"Correlational studies of the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms and the scale for the assessment of positive symptoms: an overview and update","volume":"28","author":"Andreasen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib32","volume-title":"Diagnostisches und statistisches Manual psychischer St\u00f6rungen DSM-IV","author":"Sass","year":"1996"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib33","article-title":"FPI-R. Das Freiburger Pers\u00f6nlichkeitsinventar. Manual","volume-title":"Siebte \u00fcberarbeitete und neu normierte Auflage","author":"Fahrenberg","year":"2001","edition":"7th ed"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2004.05.014","article-title":"Study on the correlation of the autonomic nervous system responses to a stressor of high discomfort with personality traits","volume":"82","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol Behav."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib35","first-page":"1030","article-title":"Contribution to the continuous indirect blood pressure measurement","volume":"31","author":"Penaz","year":"1976","journal-title":"Z Gesamte Inn Med."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.1043","article-title":"Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use, Task force of the European Society of cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology","volume":"93","author":"Malik","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib37","first-page":"337","article-title":"Universal algorithm for sequential data-compression","volume":"20","author":"Lempel","year":"1977","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Theory"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1633859","article-title":"Forecasting of life threatening arrhythmias using the compression entropy of heart rate","volume":"43","author":"Baumert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Methods Inf Med."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib39","first-page":"79","article-title":"A new approach to analysis of the arterial baroreflex","volume":"3","author":"Bertinieri","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hypertens Suppl."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.5.1557","article-title":"Beat-to-beat QT interval variability: novel evidence for repolarization lability in ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"96","author":"Berger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092132","article-title":"The genetics of adult-onset neuropsychiatric disease: complexities and conundra?","volume":"302","author":"Kennedy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm130","article-title":"Schizophrenia, psychiatric genetics, and","volume":"34","author":"Pearlson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370070103","article-title":"Genetic linkage and complex diseases, with special reference to psychiatric disorders","volume":"7","author":"Risch","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genet Epidemiol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.06.013","article-title":"An fMRI study of working memory in first-degree unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients","volume":"104","author":"Meda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib45","first-page":"251","article-title":"Genetics and schizophrenia","volume-title":"Schizophrenia","author":"Riley","year":"2008","edition":"2nd ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780280019001","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system activity in acute schizophrenia: I. Method and comparison with normal controls","volume":"38","author":"Zahn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780280028002","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system activity in acute schizophrenia: II. Relationships to short-term prognosis and clinical state","volume":"38","author":"Zahn","year":"1981","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1968.tb45562.x","article-title":"Autonomic responses in psychiatric patients","volume":"147","author":"Dykman","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1975.tb03064.x","article-title":"Evidence of high and low levels of physiological arousal in schizophrenics","volume":"12","author":"Gruzelier","year":"1975","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib50","article-title":"The electrodermal system","volume-title":"Handbook of Psychophysiology","author":"Dawson","year":"2000","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07099.x","article-title":"Structural and functional abnormalities of the amygdala in schizophrenia","volume":"985","author":"Lawrie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(03)00532-8","article-title":"Functional and effective frontotemporal connectivity and genetic risk for schizophrenia","volume":"54","author":"Winterer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib53","first-page":"455","article-title":"Structural MRI of the brain in presumed carriers of genes for schizophrenia, their affected and unaffected siblings","volume":"72","author":"Steel","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.161.10.1806","article-title":"Genetic load on amygdala hypofunction during sadness in nonaffected brothers of schizophrenia patients","volume":"161","author":"Habel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.11.009","article-title":"Effects of acute metabolic stress on the dopaminergic and pituitary-adrenal axis activity in patients with schizophrenia, their unaffected siblings and controls","volume":"100","author":"Brunelin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.01.1219","article-title":"Serotonergic response to stress: a protective factor against abnormal dopaminergic reactivity in schizophrenia?","volume":"22","author":"Brunelin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170512040017_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31818a6d25","article-title":"Influence of olanzapine on QT variability and complexity measures of heart rate in patients with schizophrenia","volume":"28","author":"B\u00e4r","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Psychopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/36\/5\/1050\/16975157\/sbp024.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,19]],"date-time":"2019-05-19T12:57:20Z","timestamp":1558270640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbp024"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbp024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1745-1701","0586-7614"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,14]]}}}