{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T03:09:58Z","timestamp":1790737798825,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]],"date-time":"2019-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25-A2701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25-A2701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003554","name":"Lundbeck Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R155-2013-16337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R155-2013-16337"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003554","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whether aberrant cerebral blood flow (CBF) in schizophrenia is affected by genetic influences, and consequently a potential marker for genetic susceptibility, is unknown. Our aims were to determine the heritability of CBF in thalamic, frontal, and striatal areas, and to ascertain if associations with disease were under genetic influence. Monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs concordant (n = 2) or discordant (n = 20) for schizophrenia spectrum disorders (ICD-10 F2x.x), matched on sex and age with dizygotic (DZ; n = 20) and healthy control pairs (MZ: n = 27; DZ: n = 18; total: n = 181 individuals), were recruited via the National Danish Twin Register. CBF in thalamus, frontal lobes, and putamen was measured with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling on a 3 T magnetic resonance scanner. Twin statistics were performed with structural equation modeling. CBF in the frontal lobes was heritable (h2 = 0.44, 95% CI [0.22\u20130.60]) but not correlated to disease. CBF correlated to schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the left thalamus (r = 0.17, [0.03\u20130.31]; P = 0.02), as well as in the left putamen (r = 0.19, [0.05\u20130.32]; P = 0.007) and the right putamen (r = 0.18, [0.03\u20130.32]; P = 0.02). When restricting the sample to schizophrenia (F20.x) only, shared genetic influences between CBF in the left putamen and schizophrenia liability (phenotypic correlation = 0.44, [0.28\u20130.58], P &lt; 0.001) were found. Our results provide heritability estimates of CBF in the frontal lobes, and we find CBF in thalamus and putamen to be altered in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, shared genetic factors influence schizophrenia liability and striatal perfusion. Specifically, higher perfusion in the left putamen may constitute a marker of genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,21]],"date-time":"2019-01-21T20:11:39Z","timestamp":1548101499000},"page":"1231-1241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Heritability of Cerebral Blood Flow and the Correlation to Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Pseudo-continuous Arterial Spin Labeling Twin Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7783-3703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian S","family":"Legind","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian V","family":"Broberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Brouwer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9 C W","family":"Mandl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn H","family":"Ebdrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J","family":"Anh\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria H","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rikke","family":"Hilker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitte","family":"Fagerlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilleke E","family":"Hulshoff Pol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birte Y","family":"Glenth\u00f8j","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egill","family":"Rostrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CINS, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, CNSR, Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet\u2013Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.08.017","article-title":"Heritability of schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum based on the nationwide Danish Twin Register","author":"Hilker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-931483","article-title":"The neurochemical circuitry of schizophrenia","volume":"39","author":"Carlsson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry."},{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2016.08.020","article-title":"Dopamine, fronto-striato-thalamic circuits and risk for psychosis","volume":"180","author":"Dandash","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/16.3.391","article-title":"The case of frontostriatal dysfunction in schizophrenia","volume":"16","author":"Robbins","year":"1990","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00314287","article-title":"Comparative analysis of regional brain blood flow and glucose metabolism in focal cerebrovascular disease measured by dynamic positron emission tomography of fluorine-18-labelled tracers","volume":"234","author":"Beil","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1976.00500080001001","article-title":"Correlation between regional cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism. In vivo studies in man","volume":"33","author":"Raichle","year":"1976","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"issue":"9067","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)08258-X","article-title":"Hypofrontality in schizophrenia: distributed dysfunctional circuits in neuroleptic-na\u00efve patients","volume":"349","author":"Andreasen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1997.tb09904.x","article-title":"Psychopathological and SPECT findings in never-treated schizophrenia","volume":"96","author":"Erkwoh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/14.2.157","article-title":"Speculation on the meaning of cerebral metabolic hypofrontality in schizophrenia","volume":"14","author":"Weinberger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033331","article-title":"Positron emission tomography studies of abnormal glucose metabolism in schizophrenia","volume":"24","author":"Buchsbaum","year":"1998","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2004.00376.x","article-title":"Hypofrontality in schizophrenia\u202f: a meta-analysis of functional imaging studies","volume":"110","author":"Hill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"issue":"9","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(91)90002-4","article-title":"Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging: a review and a local circuit neurons hypo(dys)function hypothesis of schizophrenia","volume":"30","author":"Bachneff","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/22.1.163","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia and the local circuit neurons hypothesis","volume":"22","author":"Bachneff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.175.4.357","article-title":"Altered cerebral perfusion measured by SPECT in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Correlations with memory and P300","volume":"175","author":"Blackwood","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.4.542","article-title":"Regional neural dysfunctions in chronic schizophrenia studied with positron emission tomography","volume":"157","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.6.876","article-title":"High-resolution SPECT study of regional cerebral blood flow in drug-free and drug-naive schizophrenic patients","volume":"152","author":"Vita","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1159\/000026570","article-title":"Regional cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia using stable xenon-enhanced computed tomography","volume":"39","author":"Mori","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1462","article-title":"Reliability and precision of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI on 3.0 T and comparison with 15O-water PET in elderly subjects at risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"NMR Biomed."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1590\/0101-60830000000103","article-title":"Arterial spin labeling in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Psiquiatr Clin."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0b013e3181808140","article-title":"Perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in psychiatry","volume":"19","author":"Th\u00e9berge","year":"2008","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.10091224","article-title":"Resting-state perfusion in nonmedicated schizophrenic patients: a continuous arterial spin-labeling 3.0-T MR study","volume":"256","author":"Scheef","year":"2010","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2014.01.035","article-title":"Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling MRI study of schizophrenic patients","volume":"154","author":"Ota","year":"2014","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2011.06.013","article-title":"Resting quantitative cerebral blood flow in schizophrenia measured by pulsed arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI","volume":"194","author":"Pinkham","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2010.12.002","article-title":"Resting state cerebral blood flow and objective motor activity reveal basal ganglia dysfunction in schizophrenia","volume":"192","author":"Walther","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx070","article-title":"Increased striatal and reduced prefrontal cerebral blood flow in clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"44","author":"Kindler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0026","first-page":"1","article-title":"Static and dynamic characteristics of cerebral blood flow during the resting state in schizophrenia","volume":"41","author":"Kindler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2015.03.002","article-title":"Altered resting-state cerebral blood flow and its connectivity in schizophrenia","volume":"63","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15040485","article-title":"Resting hyperperfusion of the hippocampus, midbrain, and basal ganglia in people at high risk for psychosis","volume":"173","author":"Allen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbx169","article-title":"Increased resting hippocampal and basal ganglia perfusion in people at ultra high risk for psychosis: replication in a second cohort","volume":"44","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.06.028","article-title":"Does baseline cerebral blood flow affect task-related blood oxygenation level dependent response in schizophrenia?","volume":"140","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"issue":"1387","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1999.0471","article-title":"Cellular mechanisms of brain energy metabolism and their relevance to functional brain imaging","volume":"354","author":"Magistretti","year":"1999","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.115.164004","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on regional brain uptake of 18F-FDG: a PET study on monozygotic and dizygotic twins","volume":"57","author":"Watanabe","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nucl Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0033","first-page":"441","article-title":"The Danish civil registration system. A cohort of eight million persons","volume":"53","author":"Pedersen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dan Med Bull."},{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810395825","article-title":"The Danish psychiatric central research register","volume":"39","author":"Mors","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health."},{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494810387966","article-title":"The Danish twin registry","volume":"39","author":"Skytthe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810180089012","article-title":"SCAN. Schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry","volume":"47","author":"Wing","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1440-1614.2005.01714.x","article-title":"Mapping the onset of psychosis: the comprehensive assessment of at-risk mental states","volume":"39","author":"Yung","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21790","article-title":"Continuous flow-driven inversion for arterial spin labeling using pulsed radio frequency and gradient fields","volume":"60","author":"Dai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2008.2005752","article-title":"Variational Bayesian inference for a nonlinear forward model","volume":"57","author":"Chappell","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12992","article-title":"The heritability of hemolysis in stored human red blood cells","volume":"55","author":"Van \u2018t Erve","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transfusion."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-010-9200-6","article-title":"OpenMx: an open source extended structural equation modeling framework","volume":"76","author":"Boker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychometrika."},{"issue":"11","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg932","article-title":"Classical twin studies and beyond","volume":"3","author":"Boomsma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet."},{"issue":"2","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-005-9034-7","article-title":"Likelihood ratio tests in behavioral genetics: problems and solutions","volume":"36","author":"Dominicus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Behav Genet."},{"issue":"8","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2014.14081000","article-title":"Amygdala hyperactivity at rest in paranoid individuals with schizophrenia","volume":"172","author":"Pinkham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"13","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2675","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.94","article-title":"Modulation of limbic circuitry predicts treatment response to antipsychotic medication: a functional imaging study in schizophrenia","volume":"34","author":"Lahti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"issue":"7","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(02)01602-5","article-title":"Functional effects of antipsychotic drugs: comparing clozapine with haloperidol","volume":"53","author":"Lahti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(97)00042-0","article-title":"Effect of antipsychotics on regional cerebral blood flow measured with positron emission tomography","volume":"17","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology."},{"issue":"5","key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(96)00110-2","article-title":"The effect of antipsychotic medication on relative cerebral blood perfusion in schizophrenia: assessment with technetium-99m hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime single photon emission computed tomography","volume":"41","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2014.03.014","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of antipsychotic medications on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in schizophrenia: association with response to treatment","volume":"43","author":"Gooz\u00e9e","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"2019102405393531300_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.04.003","article-title":"Microvascular anomaly conditions in psychiatric disease. Schizophrenia - angiogenesis connection","volume":"77","author":"Katsel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."}],"container-title":["Schizophrenia Bulletin"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/45\/6\/1231\/30294817\/sbz007.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article-pdf\/45\/6\/1231\/30294817\/sbz007.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T02:29:56Z","timestamp":1606098596000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/schizophreniabulletin\/article\/45\/6\/1231\/5332976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,24]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbz007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0586-7614","1745-1701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0586-7614","type":"print"},{"value":"1745-1701","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2019,11]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,18]]}}}