{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:03:15Z","timestamp":1791810195234,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]],"date-time":"2019-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Integrating evidence that contradicts a belief is a fundamental aspect of belief revision and is closely linked to delusions in schizophrenia. In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study on healthy individuals, we identified functional brain networks underlying evidence integration as visual attention network (VsAN; dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, insula, occipital regions), default-mode network (DMN), and cognitive evaluation network (CEN; orbitofrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, parietal cortex). In the current clinical fMRI study, we compared network-based activity during evidence integration between healthy controls (n = 41), nondelusional (n = 37), and delusional (n = 33) patients with schizophrenia, and related this activity to cognitive processing involved in evidence integration measured outside the scanner. Task-induced coordinated activation was measured using group-constrained principal component analysis for fMRI. Increased VsAN activation, reduced DMN deactivation, and reduced CEN activation were observed for schizophrenia, with this pattern being most pronounced for the delusional group. Importantly, poor evidence integration comprehensively measured outside the scanner was significantly associated with increased VsAN activation and reduced DMN deactivation when processing confirmatory evidence, and with reduced CEN activation when processing disconfirmatory evidence. This is the first comprehensive study of the functional brain networks associated with evidence integration in schizophrenia and highlights how an imbalance of functional brain networks responding to confirmatory and disconfirmatory evidence may underlie delusions in schizophrenia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,3]],"date-time":"2019-04-03T18:10:42Z","timestamp":1554315042000},"page":"175-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Functional Brain Networks Underlying Evidence Integration and Delusions in Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3918-691X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katie M","family":"Lavigne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd S","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"},{"name":"BC Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020010404175459700_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.04.006","article-title":"Dopamine, cognitive biases and assessment of certainty: a neurocognitive model of delusions","volume":"54","author":"Broyd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020010404175459700_CIT0002","first-page":"344","article-title":"Association of the jumping to conclusions and evidence integration biases with delusions in psychosis: a detailed meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"McLean","year":"2017","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"2020010404175459700_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1348\/014466502760387461","article-title":"A cognitive model of persecutory delusions","volume":"41","author":"Freeman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020010404175459700_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.090025","article-title":"The contribution of hypersalience to the \u201cjumping to conclusions\u201d bias associated with delusions in schizophrenia","volume":"35","author":"Speechley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020010404175459700_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12000","article-title":"Confirmation biases across the psychosis continuum: the contribution of hypersalient evidence-hypothesis matches","volume":"52","author":"Balzan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2020010404175459700_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1080\/13546805.2012.715084","article-title":"Bias in favour of self-selected hypotheses is associated with delusion severity in schizophrenia","volume":"18","author":"Whitman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cogn Neuropsychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"2020010404175459700_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X35678","article-title":"Jumping to conclusions in delusional and non-delusional schizophrenic patients","volume":"44","author":"Moritz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020010404175459700_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1080\/13546800600750597","article-title":"Hopping, skipping or jumping to conclusions? 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