{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T13:48:55Z","timestamp":1780926535674,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"NIAMS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA AR041224"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA AR041224"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>WHIM syndrome is a rare primary immunodeficiency typically caused by autosomal dominant activating mutations in the CXCR4 gene. WHIM refers to warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, infections and myelokathexis, which are the primary phenotypes of the syndrome. Here we describe a case of tinea capitis in a patient with WHIM syndrome that was unresponsive to multiple systemic antifungal treatments for over 10 years. The patient\u2019s recalcitrant tinea infection was ultimately cured after treatment with posaconazole. These findings suggest that the CXCR4 defects in WHIM syndrome may confer susceptibility to dermatophyte infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/skinhd\/vzae002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T16:00:55Z","timestamp":1737561655000},"page":"41-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Recalcitrant tinea capitis in WHIM syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Jasmine C","family":"Meltzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD 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Health , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward W","family":"Cowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Castelo-Soccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip M","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H","family":"McDermott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Brownell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025031806222323600_vzae002-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90187-I","article-title":"A new familial immunodeficiency disorder characterized by severe neutropenia, a 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strategies","volume":"287","author":"McDermott","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2025031806222323600_vzae002-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164918","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI164918","article-title":"A phase III randomized crossover trial of plerixafor versus G-CSF for treatment of WHIM syndrome","volume":"133","author":"McDermott","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2025031806222323600_vzae002-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1080\/21678707.2017.1375403","article-title":"Pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies in WHIM syndrome immunodeficiency","volume":"5","author":"Heusinkveld","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Opin Orphan Drugs"},{"key":"2025031806222323600_vzae002-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208487","article-title":"Deep dermatophytosis and inherited CARD9 deficiency","volume":"369","author":"Lanternier","year":"2013","journal-title":"N Engl J 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Immunol"},{"key":"2025031806222323600_vzae002-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13090","article-title":"The best type of inoculum for testing the antifungal drug susceptibility of Microsporum canis: in vivo and in vitro results","volume":"63","author":"Aneke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2025031806222323600_vzae002-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17240","article-title":"Nondermatophyte mould onychomycosis","volume":"35","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2025031806222323600_vzae002-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa061094","article-title":"Posaconazole vs. fluconazole or itraconazole prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia","volume":"356","author":"Cornely","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Skin Health and 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