{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:01:07Z","timestamp":1788908467967,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Male genital lichen sclerosus is a relatively uncommon but increasingly recognized cause of phimosis in paediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the presence of male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) in paediatric patients presenting with phimosis and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical assessment compared with histopathological findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a single-centre, retrospective study of 48 paediatric circumcisions performed for phimosis over an 18-month period. Clinical diagnoses of phimosis were categorized as physiological or pathological and compared with postoperative histopathological findings. To quantify diagnostic reliability, percentage agreement and Cohen\u2019s kappa coefficient were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MGLSc was confirmed histologically in 71% of patients, with the highest proportion occurring in boys aged 9\u201311 years. Among those clinically diagnosed with physiological phimosis, 70% showed histological evidence of MGLSc, of whom 48% exhibited extensive disease. The overall concordance between clinical and histological diagnoses was 43.75%, with a Kappa value of 0.027, indicating only slight agreement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Currently, clinical assessments seem to underestimate the proportion of cases with MGLSc, especially among younger boys. Enhancing awareness and recognition of this condition is essential to facilitate accurate and timely diagnosis, and to guide appropriate interventions, thereby preventing disease progression and reducing associated morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/skinhd\/vzaf065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T12:01:10Z","timestamp":1759406470000},"page":"426-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lichen sclerosus in paediatric patients with phimosis undergoing circumcision"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4744-4978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nada","family":"Aboukhatwah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Whittington Health NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Jerkovic Gulin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Ryhov County Hospital , J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher B","family":"Bunker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michalis","family":"Varnavas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Whittington Health NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Kravvas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Whittington Health NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026070312411098400_vzaf065-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.43.228.200","article-title":"Further fate of the foreskin. 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