{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T16:24:20Z","timestamp":1778775860036,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is a debilitating condition characterized by recurrent hives, itching and angioedema lasting for more than 6 weeks without an identifiable cause. It significantly impacts quality of life, causing physical discomfort and emotional distress. CIU\u2019s complex pathophysiology involves immune interactions, mast cells and histamine release, with aeroallergens potentially exacerbating symptoms in sensitized patients. Current treatments primarily involve antihistamines, but many patients experience inadequate relief, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies. Intranasal corticosteroids, typically used for allergic rhinitis, may offer potential benefits for CIU, although evidence of their efficacy is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effect of intranasal corticosteroids in adults with CIU who had a positive skin prick test for aeroallergens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this double-blind placebo-controlled trial, 69 adults with CIU sensitized to aeroallergens received budesonide 32\u2005\u00b5g per actuation, 2 sprays per nostril twice daily or identical placebo for 6\u2005months while maintained on a stable single-agent nonsedating H1 antihistamine. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either budesonide or placebo. Outcomes included changes in urticaria symptoms and Urticaria Severity Score and quality of life. The study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT 20231229060563N1).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At baseline, both groups were comparable. Post-treatment, participants in the corticosteroid group showed a greater reduction in Urticaria Activity Score (mean difference = 4.25, P = 0.02). No significant difference was found in chronic urticaria quality of life questionnaire scores (mean difference = 4.74, P = 0.35).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intranasal corticosteroids were effective in reducing urticaria symptoms but did not offer significant benefits over placebo with regard to overall quality of life. The results highlight the complexity of CIU management and suggest a potential placebo effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/skinhd\/vzaf078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T01:08:34Z","timestamp":1762650514000},"page":"443-447","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intranasal corticosteroids: a promising new approach for adults with chronic idiopathic urticaria linked to aeroallergens \u2013 a double-blind randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Hassan","family":"Mohtadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Esmaeilzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Askarisarvestani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hesamodin","family":"Nabavizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz ,","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soheila","family":"Alyasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz 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Australian and Sri Lankan populations","volume":"1","author":"Yun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pac Allergy"},{"key":"2025112622312713100_vzaf078-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.waojou.2021.100533","article-title":"The challenges of chronic urticaria part 1: epidemiology, immunopathogenesis, comorbidities, quality of life, and management","volume":"14","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Borges","year":"2021","journal-title":"World Allergy Organ J"},{"key":"2025112622312713100_vzaf078-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2017.05.018","article-title":"The expanding field of biologics in the management of chronic urticaria","volume":"5","author":"Joshi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"2025112622312713100_vzaf078-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2022.113805","article-title":"Investigating the association of atopy and aeroallergen 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update.","volume":"63","author":"Godse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025112622312713100_vzaf078-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.idoj_145_22","article-title":"Biologicals in treatment of chronic urticaria: a narrative review","volume":"14","author":"Mustari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"2025112622312713100_vzaf078-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-023-00972-6","article-title":"Current and emerging therapies for chronic spontaneous urticaria: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Yosipovitch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"2025112622312713100_vzaf078-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2023.05.003","article-title":"Chronic urticaria and the pathogenic role of mast cells","volume":"72","author":"Elieh-Ali-Komi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"2025112622312713100_vzaf078-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13601-015-0074-7","article-title":"Immunological events in chronic spontaneous urticaria.","volume":"5","author":"Ferrer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"key":"2025112622312713100_vzaf078-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-020-00461-x","article-title":"Presence of positive skin prick tests to inhalant allergens and markers of T2 inflammation in subjects with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU): a systematic literature review","volume":"16","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"}],"container-title":["Skin Health and 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