{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:34:42Z","timestamp":1787009682637,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001582","name":"Dermatology Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001582","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The experience of homelessness is a growing problem in the USA. Environmental exposures, chronic medical conditions and barriers to personal hygiene could increase risk of dermatological disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association of homelessness with receiving a dermatological diagnosis and to compare dermatological diagnoses between unhoused and housed individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross-sectional study of the \u2018All of Us\u2019 database, a national dataset from the USA with detailed participant-reported housing information. We constructed logistic regression models with dermatological diagnosis as binary outcome, housing status as binary exposure, and age, gender, race and ethnicity, geographical region, educational attainment, serious mental illness, alcohol-use disorder, and cocaine, opioid or stimulant drug use as confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 257 701 participants, people experiencing homelessness had lower odds of being diagnosed with any dermatological disease [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63\u20130.72; P &amp;lt; 0.001]. Of participants with at least one dermatological diagnosis, people experiencing homelessness had greater odds of being diagnosed with bacterial skin infections (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.5\u20132.50; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and ectoparasitic disease (aOR 3.12, 95% CI 2.30\u20134.17; P &amp;lt; 0.001) but lower odds of all other diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our results underscore the need to improve access to care and water, sanitation and hygiene services for people experiencing homelessness to reduce risk of bacterial skin infection and ectoparasitic infestations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/skinhd\/vzaf095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T14:13:21Z","timestamp":1762265601000},"page":"103-111","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dermatological diagnoses among people experiencing homelessness in the USA"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6499-5359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rene\u00e9","family":"Haughton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, OR ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Herbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Miami Miller School of Medicine , Miami, FL ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Shiboski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3508-4094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinoos","family":"Yazdany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4921-2333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aileen Y","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center , San Francisco, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026033107424440200_vzaf095-B1","author":"US Department of Housing and Urban Development"},{"key":"2026033107424440200_vzaf095-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31869-X","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality in homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers, and individuals with substance use disorders in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"391","author":"Aldridge","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026033107424440200_vzaf095-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2022.04.013","article-title":"A systematic review of the nutritional status of adults experiencing 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