{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T09:58:18Z","timestamp":1785491898341,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) from Brazil"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023331","name":"LEO Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult female acne (AFA) is a multifactorial skin condition that affects women aged &amp;gt; 25 years, with inflammation playing a central role in its aetiopathogenesis. However, most research has primarily focused on severe acne vulgaris, while the immunological mechanisms underlying AFA remain poorly understood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To analyse interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression in inflammatory lesions of AFA, before and after treatment with topical azelaic acid (AZA) 15% gel, and compare the findings with healthy skin; and to evaluate the efficacy of AZA based on clinical response and histopathological findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty women with mild-to-moderate AFA used AZA 15% gel twice daily for 6 months, with monthly follow-ups. Skin biopsies from lesional and healthy facial areas were collected at baseline and at treatment completion to assess IL-6 and IL-8 by immunohistochemistry and to score inflammation. Clinical evaluation, including Visia\u00ae imaging, Investigator Global Assessment and the Erythema Assessment Scale, was performed before and after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was significant overexpression of IL-6 and IL-8 in acne lesions compared with healthy skin, P &amp;lt; 0.05. Following treatment, a significant reduction in IL-6 (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) and IL-8 (P &amp;lt; 0.05) expression was observed. Skin with acne lesions exhibited intense inflammatory infiltrate and a significant reduction post-treatment. Treatment with AZA resulted in highly significant clinical improvement of acne severity and erythema (P &amp;lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>IL-6 and IL-8 expressions are increased in AFA, contributing to its inflammatory process. Therapies that reduce these proinflammatory cytokines, such as AZA, are beneficial. Our findings are consistent with a potential anti-inflammatory effect of AZA, given the observed decrease in IL-6 and IL-8.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/skinhd\/vzag023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T12:42:44Z","timestamp":1771072964000},"page":"438-445","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Expression of interleukins in adult female acne: evaluating the effects of azelaic acid"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Diogo Pazzini","family":"Bomfim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (Unifesp), Translational Medicine , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristiane Damas","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (Unifesp) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (Unifesp) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angel Alvarez","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (Unifesp) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00edlvia Maria Sim\u00f5es e Silva","family":"Enokihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Federal University of S\u00e3o Paulo (Unifesp) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edil\u00e9ia","family":"Bagatin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Federal University 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