{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:08:09Z","timestamp":1790726889298,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vitiligo is a chronic skin disorder characterized by the loss of melanocytes, resulting in depigmented macules and patches. No accurate estimate has been made of the prevalence of vitiligo in East Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To determine the prevalence of vitiligo in East Africa via a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Eleven articles were retrieved from PubMed\/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science and African Journals Online. Microsoft Excel was used to extract the data, which were then exported to STATA 17 for analysis using a random effects model. Heterogeneity of studies was assessed by Cochran\u2019s Q test and I2 statistics. Publication bias was detected with a funnel plot and the Egger test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 11 studies retrieved from the literature search provided a total sample size of 8444 individuals reported between 2000 and 2025. The overall pooled prevalence of vitiligo was 6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 3\u20138], while the prevalence among male and female individuals was 54% (95% CI 19\u201373) and 46% (95% CI 3\u201361), respectively. The prevalence in children was 3% (95% CI 2\u20135), 9% (95% CI 7\u201312) in adults and 7% (95% CI 2\u201311) in the general population. The models showed that the prevalence of vitiligo in Tanzania was 1% (95% CI 0\u20133), while the pooled prevalence of vitiligo in Ethiopia was 8% (95% CI 5\u201311).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In East Africa, the combined prevalence of vitiligo was relatively high. The increased prevalence of vitiligo highlights the need for health policymakers to pay attention to vitiligo.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/skinhd\/vzag069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T11:43:59Z","timestamp":1776944639000},"page":"680-689","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence of vitiligo in East Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Kedir","family":"Seid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Monitoring and Evaluation Officer,\u00a0Bati Primary Hospital, Oromia Special Zone , Bati ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chala Getaneh","family":"Jaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sintayehu Samuel","family":"Lorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University , Hossana ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitiku","family":"Desalegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wachemo University , Hossana ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawit Tesfaye","family":"Rundasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Nursing, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, School of Nursing and Midwifery , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohannes","family":"Godie Ashebir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Nursing, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olyad","family":"Kuma Getahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health\u00a0Menelik II Medical and Health Science College , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebeyehu","family":"Lakew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar , Gondar ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathewos Mekonnen","family":"Gemmechu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mulualem Endeshaw","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar , Gondar ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibeltal Assefa","family":"Atalay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Injibara University , Injibara ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amlaku Nigusie","family":"Yirsaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion and Health Behavior, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar , Gondar ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyob","family":"Ketema Bogale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Promotion and Behavioral Science Department, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University , Bahir Dar ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiy","family":"Hailu Tikuneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University , Bahir Dar ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abas Ali","family":"Hassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia, Werabe University College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Werabe ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyasu Alem","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University , Sodo ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadesse","family":"Nigussie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salale University College of Health Science Department of Public Health , Adama ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Bibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization, Khyber Medical University , Peshawar ,","place":["Pakistan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fikiru\u00a0Yigezu","family":"Jaleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College , Addis Ababa ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebe","family":"Gedefaw Belete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University , Arba Minch ,","place":["Ethiopia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Genanew Kassie","family":"Getahun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edith Cowan University Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, , Perth ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B1","first-page":"6736","article-title":"Vitiligo","volume":"15","author":"Ezzedine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B2","first-page":"69","article-title":"Prevalence of vitiligo and associated factors among adult patients attending Ayder Referral Teaching Hospital Dermatology Clinic in Mekelle Town, Tigray Region-Northern Ethiopia","volume":"52","author":"Mino","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Health Med Nurs"},{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3495165","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/3495165","article-title":"Public knowledge and attitudes towards vitiligo: a survey in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia","volume":"2020","author":"Tsadik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6879412","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6879412","article-title":"Gender differences in depression, coping, stigma, and quality of life in patients of vitiligo","volume":"2019","author":"Sawant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatol Res 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Introduction, epidemiology, quality of life, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, associations, histopathology, etiology, and work-up","volume":"65","author":"Alikhan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.914898","article-title":"Perspectives of new advances in the pathogenesis of vitiligo: from oxidative stress to autoimmunity","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090603","article-title":"Vitiligo, reactive oxygen species and T-cells","volume":"120","author":"Glassman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010176","article-title":"Vitiligo and mental health: natural compounds\u2019 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into Brazilian Portuguese","volume":"90","author":"Boza","year":"2015","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.15537\/1658-3175.4059","article-title":"Assessment of quality of life in Saudi patients with vitiligo in a medical school in Qassim province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"28","author":"Al Robaee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.135385","article-title":"Psychiatric morbidity and quality of life in vitiligo patients","volume":"36","author":"Ramakrishna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med"},{"key":"2026092919522216400_vzag069-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic 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