{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:12:26Z","timestamp":1790647946404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]],"date-time":"2020-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578787200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1049591"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1049591"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FT120100510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FT120100510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While cognitive and behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is an effective treatment in patients with comorbid moderate and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), there is concern that the bedtime restriction component of CBTi might dangerously exacerbate daytime sleepiness in such patients. We examined randomized controlled trial data to investigate the effect of OSA severity, and pretreatment daytime sleepiness on week-to-week changes in daytime sleepiness and sleep parameters during CBTi and no-treatment control.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>One hundred and forty-five patients with untreated physician-diagnosed OSA (apnea\u2013hypopnea index\u2005\u226515) and psychologist-diagnosed insomnia (ICSD-3) were randomized to a 4-week CBTi program (n\u2005=\u200572) or no-treatment control (n\u2005=\u200573). The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and sleep diaries were completed during pretreatment, weekly CBTi sessions, and posttreatment. Effects of OSA severity, pretreatment daytime sleepiness, and intervention group on weekly changes in daytime sleepiness and sleep parameters were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The CBTi group reported a 15% increase in ESS scores following the first week of bedtime restriction (M change\u2005=\u20051.3 points, 95% CI\u2005=\u20050.1\u20132.5, p\u2005=\u20050.031, Cohen\u2019s d\u2005=\u20050.27) which immediately returned to pretreatment levels for all subsequent weeks, while sleep parameters gradually improved throughout CBTi. There were no differences in changes in daytime sleepiness during treatment between CBTi and control groups or OSA-severity groups. Higher pretreatment ESS scores were associated with a greater ESS reduction during CBTi.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CBTi appears to be a safe and effective treatment in the presence of comorbid moderate and severe OSA. Nevertheless, patients living with comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea and treated with CBTi should be monitored closely for increased daytime sleepiness during the initial weeks of bedtime restriction therapy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Treating comorbid insomnia with obstructive sleep apnoea (COMISA) study: A new treatment strategy for patients with combined insomnia and sleep apnoea, https:\/\/www.anzctr.org.au\/Trial\/Registration\/TrialReview.aspx?id\u2005=\u2005365184 Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613001178730. Universal Trial Number: U1111-1149-4230.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]],"date-time":"2020-01-12T07:36:58Z","timestamp":1578814618000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["The effect of cognitive and behavioral therapy for insomnia on week-to-week changes in sleepiness and sleep parameters in patients with comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7900-1414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Sweetman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R Doug","family":"McEvoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"},{"name":"Sleep Health Service, Repatriation General Hospital and Respiratory and Sleep Services, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR), University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter G","family":"Catcheside","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick A","family":"Antic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"},{"name":"Sleep Health Service, Repatriation General Hospital and Respiratory and Sleep Services, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ching Li","family":"Chai-Coetzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"},{"name":"Sleep Health Service, Repatriation General Hospital and Respiratory and Sleep Services, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Douglas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"O\u2019Grady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Dunn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Robinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Thoracic Program, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denzil","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Williamson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Education Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon","family":"Lack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health: A Centre of Research Excellence, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"},{"name":"College of Education Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws342","article-title":"Increased prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in adults","volume":"177","author":"Peppard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.08.008","article-title":"Epidemiology of insomnia: prevalence, self-help treatments, consultations, and determinants of help-seeking behaviors","volume":"7","author":"Morin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0003","volume-title":"International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), Diagnostic and Coding Manual","author":"The American Academy of Sleep Medicine","year":"2014","edition":"3rd ed"},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.04110.x","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome\u2013patients\u2019 perceptions of their sleep and its effects on their life situation","volume":"57","author":"Brostr\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.2.372","article-title":"Sleepiness, fatigue, tiredness, and lack of energy in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"118","author":"Chervin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0006","first-page":"193","article-title":"Systematic review of motor vehicle crash risk in persons with sleep apnea","volume":"2","author":"Ellen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/28.4.472","article-title":"Sleepiness in patients with moderate to severe sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"28","author":"Kapur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27497","article-title":"Clinical guideline for the evaluation, management and long-term care of obstructive sleep apnea in adults","volume":"5","author":"Epstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.04.004","article-title":"Developing a successful treatment for co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea","volume":"33","author":"Sweetman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci9120371","article-title":"Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): prevalence, consequences, methodological considerations, and recent randomized controlled trials","volume":"9","author":"Sweetman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.6.1923","article-title":"Prevalence of insomnia symptoms in patients with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"120","author":"Krakow","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12046","article-title":"The subjective-objective mismatch in sleep perception among those with insomnia and sleep apnea","volume":"22","author":"Bianchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.03.005","article-title":"Frequency of insomnia report in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS)","volume":"5","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.12.005","article-title":"Psychological and behavioral factors in patients with comorbid obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia","volume":"70","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12262","article-title":"Quality of life among untreated sleep apnea patients compared with the general population and changes after treatment with positive airway pressure","volume":"24","author":"Bjornsdottir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0016","first-page":"A74","article-title":"Sleep onset insomnia is associated with reduced adherence to CPAP therapy","volume":"7","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep Biol Rhythm"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0655-9","article-title":"Insomnia symptoms influence CPAP compliance","volume":"17","author":"Pieh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.03.012","article-title":"Sleep maintenance insomnia complaints predict poor CPAP adherence: a clinical case series","volume":"11","author":"Wickwire","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comorbid insomnia symptoms predict lower 6-month adherence to CPAP in US veterans with obstructive sleep apnea","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.21958","article-title":"The more the merrier? Working towards multidisciplinary management of obstructive sleep apnea and comorbid insomnia","volume":"69","author":"Ong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2016.05.006","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of insomnia comorbid with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"11","author":"Lack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2015.12.017","article-title":"Evaluating the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea comorbid with insomnia disorder using an incomplete factorial design","volume":"47","author":"Crawford","year":"2016","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trials."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27772","article-title":"Comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea: challenges for clinical practice and research","volume":"6","author":"Luyster","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz178","article-title":"Cognitive and behavioral therapy for insomnia increases the use of continuous positive airway pressure therapy in obstructive sleep apnea participants with co-morbid insomnia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"42","author":"Sweetman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.11.1415","article-title":"Practice parameters for the psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: an update. An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Report","volume":"29","author":"Morgenthaler","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27286","article-title":"Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults","volume":"4","author":"Schutte-Rodin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.11.1398","article-title":"Psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: update of the recent evidence (1998\u20132004)","volume":"29","author":"Morin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(01)00061-4","article-title":"A cognitive model of insomnia","volume":"40","author":"Harvey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0029","first-page":"395","article-title":"Stimulus control for the treatment of insomnia","volume":"7","author":"Bootzin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Proc Am Psychol Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0030","first-page":"45","article-title":"Treatment of chronic insomnia by restriction of time in bed","volume":"10","author":"Spielman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.05.002","article-title":"Hyperarousal and insomnia: state of the science","volume":"14","author":"Bonnet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0032","article-title":"Effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for patients with both insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep (Suppl)"},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0033","first-page":"A243","article-title":"Cognitive-behavioral treatment for insomnia improves sleep efficiency and ISI in insomnia co-morbid with sleep apnea or periodic limb movements","author":"Garb","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0034","first-page":"A236","article-title":"A pilot test of an online cognitive-behaioural insomnia therapy for patients with comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea","author":"Edinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-004-0015-5","article-title":"Refractory insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing: a pilot study","volume":"8","author":"Krakow","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0036","article-title":"A prospective study on the treatment of \u201ccomplex insomnia\u201d - insomnia plus sleep disordered breathing - in a small series of crime victims with PTSD","volume":"24","author":"Melendrez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00463-4","article-title":"Chronic insomnia, premenopausal women and sleep disordered breathing: part 2. Comparison of nondrug treatment trials in normal breathing and UARS post menopausal women complaining of chronic insomnia","volume":"53","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0000000000000314","article-title":"Efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in older adults with occult sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"78","author":"Fung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.11.1527","article-title":"Prospective randomized study of patients with insomnia and mild sleep disordered breathing","volume":"31","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.09.003","article-title":"Does comorbid obstructive sleep apnea impair the effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral therapy for insomnia?","volume":"39","author":"Sweetman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1037\/a0036606","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive behavior therapy for chronic insomnia: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"82","author":"Harvey","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2014.01.006","article-title":"The evidence base of sleep restriction therapy for treating insomnia disorder","volume":"18","author":"Miller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"issue":"8","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2011.03.016","article-title":"No pain, no gain: an exploratory within-subjects mixed-methods evaluation of the patient experience of sleep restriction therapy (SRT) for insomnia","volume":"12","author":"Kyle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3386","article-title":"Sleep restriction therapy for insomnia is associated with reduced objective total sleep time, increased daytime somnolence, and objectively impaired vigilance: implications for the clinical management of insomnia disorder","volume":"37","author":"Kyle","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00032314","article-title":"The different clinical faces of obstructive sleep apnoea: a cluster analysis","volume":"44","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Respir J."},{"issue":"10","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163439","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163439","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes and comorbidity in European sleep apnoea patients","volume":"11","author":"Saaresranta","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"7","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-7-200910060-00005","article-title":"Effects of alcohol and sleep restriction on simulated driving performance in untreated patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"151","author":"Vakulin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2013.04.004","article-title":"Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"8","author":"Ong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/14.6.540","article-title":"A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale","volume":"14","author":"Johns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"24","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3715","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.2391","article-title":"Minimization\u2013reducing predictability for multi-centre trials whilst retaining balance within centre","volume":"24","author":"Brown","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stat Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8108","article-title":"Refining the measurement of insomnia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"15","author":"Sweetman","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.9.1155","article-title":"Recommendations for a standard research assessment of insomnia","volume":"29","author":"Buysse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0054","volume-title":"The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specification","author":"Iber","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/32.2.150","article-title":"The new AASM criteria for scoring hypopneas: impact on the apnea hypopnea index","volume":"32","author":"Ruehland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27351","article-title":"Relationships between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and clinical\/polysomnographic measures in a community sample","volume":"4","author":"Buysse","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/30.2.203","article-title":"Dose-response effects of cognitive-behavioral insomnia therapy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"30","author":"Edinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0058","volume-title":"Missing Data: A Gentle Introduction","author":"McKnight","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.3792","article-title":"Individual variability and predictors of driving simulator impairment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"10","author":"Vakulin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2020071304523617300_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3320","article-title":"Evaluation of a brief treatment program of cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia in older adults","volume":"37","author":"Lovato","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep."}],"container-title":["Sleep"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa002\/31959011\/zsaa002.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/43\/7\/zsaa002\/33460777\/zsaa002.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/43\/7\/zsaa002\/33460777\/zsaa002.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]],"date-time":"2020-07-13T08:54:17Z","timestamp":1594630457000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa002\/5700798"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,12]]},"article-number":"zsaa002"}}