{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T21:07:19Z","timestamp":1790888839502,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"NIMH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01MH110925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01MH110925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"US Army Medical Research and Material Command"},{"name":"One Mind Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001744","name":"MAYDAY Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001744","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Verily Life Sciences and Mindstrong Health"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Many patients in Emergency Departments (EDs) after motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or major depressive episode (MDE). This report from the AURORA study focuses on associations of pre-MVC sleep problems with these outcomes 8 weeks after MVC mediated through peritraumatic distress and dissociation and 2-week outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 666 AURORA patients completed self-report assessments in the ED and at 2 and 8 weeks after MVC. Peritraumatic distress, peritraumatic dissociation, and pre-MVC sleep characteristics (insomnia, nightmares, daytime sleepiness, and sleep duration in the 30 days before the MVC, trait sleep stress reactivity) were assessed retrospectively in the ED. The survey assessed acute stress disorder (ASD) and MDE at 2 weeks and at 8 weeks assessed PTSD and MDE (past 30 days). Control variables included demographics, MVC characteristics, and retrospective reports about PTSD and MDE in the 30 days before the MVC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prevalence estimates were 41.0% for 2-week ASD, 42.0% for 8-week PTSD, 30.5% for 2-week MDE, and 27.2% for 8-week MDE. Pre-MVC nightmares and sleep stress reactivity predicted 8-week PTSD (mediated through 2-week ASD) and MDE (mediated through the transition between 2-week and 8-week MDE). Pre-MVC insomnia predicted 8-week PTSD (mediated through 2-week ASD). Estimates of population attributable risk suggest that blocking effects of sleep disturbance might reduce prevalence of 8-week PTSD and MDE by as much as one-third.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Targeting disturbed sleep in the immediate aftermath of MVC might be one effective way of reducing MVC-related PTSD and MDE.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T09:24:38Z","timestamp":1601025878000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Prior sleep problems and adverse post-traumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae of motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Thomas C","family":"Neylan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"San Francisco VA Healthcare System, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald C","family":"Kessler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerry J","family":"Ressler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gari","family":"Clifford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca L","family":"Beaudoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI"},{"name":"Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinming","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donglin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah D","family":"Linnstaedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura T","family":"Germine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA"},{"name":"The Many Brains Project, Acton, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1939-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophia","family":"Sheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan B","family":"Storrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brittany E","family":"Punches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Mohiuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina T","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghan E","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne J H","family":"van Rooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P","family":"Haran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A","family":"Peak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Domeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Pearson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wayne State University Department of Emergency Medicine, Ascension St. John Hospital, Detroit, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon D","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels K","family":"Rathlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William F","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jutta","family":"Joormann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1693-8506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deanna M","family":"Barch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, and Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7772-1143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego A","family":"Pizzagalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F","family":"Sheridan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH"},{"name":"College of Dentistry Division of Bioscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"},{"name":"Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E","family":"Harte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James M","family":"Elliott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia"},{"name":"Physical Therapy & Human Movement Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irving","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V","family":"Petukhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karestan C","family":"Koenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel A","family":"McLean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Trauma Recovery, Department of Anesthesiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0001","volume-title":"Trends in Hospital Emergency Department Visits by Age and Payer, 2006\u20132015. HCUP Statistical Brief #238","author":"Sun","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0951-z","article-title":"A validated predictive algorithm of post-traumatic stress course following emergency department admission after a traumatic stressor","volume":"26","author":"Schultebraucks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000001709","article-title":"MicroRNA-19b predicts widespread pain and posttraumatic stress symptom risk in a sex-dependent manner following trauma exposure","volume":"161","author":"Linnstaedt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pain."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2013.10.016","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of neck and widespread pain after motor vehicle collision among US litigants and nonlitigants","volume":"155","author":"McLean","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pain."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000818","article-title":"Stress-related psychological symptoms contribute to axial pain persistence after motor vehicle collision: path analysis results from a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"158","author":"Feinberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pain."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0006","first-page":"4","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society","volume":"61","author":"Kessler","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2005.03.009","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder and mortality among U.S. Army veterans 30 years after military service","volume":"16","author":"Boscarino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.08.004","article-title":"The physical health consequences of PTSD and PTSD symptoms: a meta-analytic review","volume":"27","author":"Pacella","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000167","article-title":"Epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: prevalence, correlates and consequences","volume":"28","author":"Atwoli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0011","article-title":"Multi-omic biomarker identification and validation for diagnosing warzone-related post-traumatic stress disorder","author":"Dean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0581-3","article-title":"The AURORA Study: a longitudinal, multimodal library of brain biology and function after traumatic stress exposure","volume":"25","author":"McLean","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001981","article-title":"The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium","volume":"46","author":"Benjet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0014","article-title":"Socio-demographic and trauma-related predictors of PTSD within eight weeks of a motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study","author":"Kessler","year":"","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0015","article-title":"Socio-demographic and trauma-related predictors of depression within eight weeks of motor vehicle collision in the AURORA study","author":"Joormann","year":"","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430110069030","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?","volume":"262","author":"Ford","year":"1989","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00188-3","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a longitudinal epidemiological study of young adults","volume":"39","author":"Breslau","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02190245","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment of insomnia in general practice. A longitudinal study","volume":"242","author":"Hohagen","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0019","first-page":"225","article-title":"Primary insomnia: a risk factor to develop depression?","volume":"76","author":"Riemann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.7.967","article-title":"Prodromes and precursors: epidemiologic data for primary prevention of disorders with slow onset","volume":"152","author":"Eaton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0021","first-page":"S373","article-title":"Incidence and remission of insomnia among elderly adults in a biracial cohort","volume":"22","author":"Foley","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/33.1.69","article-title":"Sleep disturbance immediately prior to trauma predicts subsequent psychiatric disorder","volume":"33","author":"Bryant","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2798","article-title":"Predeployment sleep duration and insomnia symptoms as risk factors for new-onset mental health disorders following military deployment","volume":"36","author":"Gehrman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"12","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.12.1673","article-title":"EEG spectral analysis in primary insomnia: NREM period effects and sex differences","volume":"31","author":"Buysse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009241","article-title":"Insomnia in young men and subsequent depression. The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study","volume":"146","author":"Chang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2009.08.002","article-title":"Temporal relations between sleep problems and both traumatic event exposure and PTSD: a critical review of the empirical literature","volume":"24","author":"Babson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.5.855","article-title":"Sleep complaints as early predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder: a 1-year prospective study of injured survivors of motor vehicle accidents","volume":"159","author":"Koren","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153716","article-title":"The role of sleep in emotional brain function","volume":"10","author":"Goldstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14170","article-title":"Depression in sleep disturbance: a review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1075-3","article-title":"Insomnia and the risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2008.10.4\/plfranzen","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and depression: risk relationships for subsequent depression and therapeutic implications","volume":"10","author":"Franzen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.11.1659","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and its relationship to psychiatric morbidity after Hurricane Andrew","volume":"152","author":"Mellman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"5","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22054","article-title":"Impact of impaired sleep on the development of PTSD symptoms in combat veterans: a prospective longitudinal cohort study","volume":"30","author":"van Liempt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0034","first-page":"A14","article-title":"What does the population attributable fraction mean?","volume":"4","author":"Levine","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prev Chronic Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.2490080106","article-title":"The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale","volume":"8","author":"Blake","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000217","article-title":"PROMIS sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment in adolescents: examining psychometrics using self-report and actigraphy","volume":"66","author":"Hanish","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurs Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.2.285","article-title":"Vulnerability to stress-related sleep disturbance and hyperarousal","volume":"27","author":"Drake","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.158.9.1480","article-title":"The Peritraumatic Distress Inventory: a proposed measure of PTSD criterion A2","volume":"158","author":"Brunet","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199909000-00005","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder after injury: impact on general health outcome and early risk assessment","volume":"47","author":"Michaels","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"issue":"9","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22942","article-title":"Developing an optimal short-form of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5)","volume":"36","author":"Zuromski","year":"2019","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (PCL-5) in veterans","volume":"28","author":"Bovin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0044","volume-title":"Severity of Dissociative Symptoms-Adult (Brief Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-B)-Modified)","author":"Dalenberg","year":"2010"},{"issue":"11","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.011","article-title":"The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) developed and tested its first wave of adult self-reported health outcome item banks: 2005\u20132008","volume":"63","author":"Cella","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0046","author":"Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Health Organization and PROMIS Cooperative Group.","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2008.01.054","article-title":"Health status, not head injury, predicts concussion symptoms after minor injury","volume":"27","author":"McLean","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S109","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2018.1512747","article-title":"Evolution of the Abbreviated Injury Scale: 1990\u20132015","volume":"19","author":"Loftis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Traffic Inj Prev."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(01)00349-9","article-title":"Clinical importance of changes in chronic pain intensity measured on an 11-point numerical pain rating scale","volume":"94","author":"Farrar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pain."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0050","first-page":"369","article-title":"Pain extent and diagnosis: development and validation of the regional pain scale in 12,799 patients with rheumatic disease","volume":"30","author":"Wolfe","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0051","first-page":"21","article-title":"The psychology of somatic symptoms","volume-title":"Current Concepts of Somatization: Research and Clinical Perspectives","author":"Pennebaker","year":"1991"},{"issue":"9","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00868811","article-title":"The Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire: a measure of symptoms commonly experienced after head injury and its reliability","volume":"242","author":"King","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.55.7.508","article-title":"A heuristic approach to the formulas for population attributable fraction","volume":"55","author":"Hanley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0054","volume-title":"SAS Version 9.4","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0957-8","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder associated with life-threatening motor vehicle collisions in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys","volume":"16","author":"Stein","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"issue":"11","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2013.07.011","article-title":"A systematic review of predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for adult road traffic crash survivors","volume":"44","author":"Heron-Delaney","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"39","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8407","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3458-17.2018","article-title":"A Functional riboSNitch in the 3\u2032 untranslated region of FKBP5 alters microRNA-320a binding efficiency and mediates vulnerability to chronic post-traumatic pain","volume":"38","author":"Linnstaedt","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090847","article-title":"The descriptive epidemiology of commonly occurring mental disorders in the United States","volume":"29","author":"Kessler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health."},{"issue":"2","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/09515070701403679","article-title":"Prevalence of poor psychological morbidity following a minor road traffic accident (RTA): the clinical implications of a prospective longitudinal study","volume":"20","author":"Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Counsel Psychol Q"},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.04.090","article-title":"Changing patterns in the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive episode and generalized anxiety disorder over 24 months following a road traffic crash: results from the UQ SuPPORT study","volume":"236","author":"Kenardy","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.8.1029","article-title":"Situational insomnia: consistency, predictors, and outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Bonnet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6192","article-title":"Temporal Stability of the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST)","volume":"12","author":"Jarrin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.04.012","article-title":"Vulnerability to insomnia: the role of familial aggregation","volume":"9","author":"Drake","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S138823","article-title":"Hyperarousal and sleep reactivity in insomnia: current insights","volume":"10","author":"Kalmbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep."},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2016.02.005","article-title":"Sleep system sensitization: evidence for changing roles of etiological factors in insomnia","volume":"21","author":"Kalmbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12710","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12710","article-title":"The impact of stress on sleep: pathogenic sleep reactivity as a vulnerability to insomnia and circadian disorders","volume":"27","author":"Kalmbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beth.2015.10.002","article-title":"Change in dysfunctional beliefs about sleep in behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia","volume":"47","author":"Eidelman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.03.004","article-title":"Nightmares: a new neurocognitive model","volume":"11","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.146.6.697","article-title":"Sleep disturbance as the hallmark of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"146","author":"Ross","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"10","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.10.1696","article-title":"REM sleep and the early development of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"159","author":"Mellman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2012.12040432","article-title":"Sleep disturbances as the hallmark of PTSD: where are we now?","volume":"170","author":"Germain","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"16","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.04.017","article-title":"The neural correlates and temporal sequence of the relationship between shock exposure, disturbed sleep and impaired consolidation of fear extinction","volume":"44","author":"Spoormaker","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res."},{"issue":"7779","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)92090-9","article-title":"Interval between onset of sleep and rapid-eye-movement sleep as an indicator of depression","volume":"2","author":"Kupfer","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291719004008","article-title":"Posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories within the first year following emergency department admissions: pooled results from the International Consortium to predict PTSD","author":"Lowe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3420","article-title":"Occurrence of delayed-onset post-traumatic stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"40","author":"Utzon-Frank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health."},{"issue":"8","key":"2021031208595629900_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.1137","article-title":"A multisite analysis of the fluctuating course of posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"70","author":"Bryant","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Sleep"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa200\/33984754\/zsaa200.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/44\/3\/zsaa200\/36461916\/zsaa200.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/44\/3\/zsaa200\/36461916\/zsaa200.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T09:04:59Z","timestamp":1615539899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa200\/5911496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa200","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]]},"article-number":"zsaa200"}}