{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:12:01Z","timestamp":1774714321784,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#1004528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#1004528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centre for Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep","award":["571421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["571421"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Translational Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology","award":["1060992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1060992"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001774","name":"University of Sydney","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Obesity is a common and reversible risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there is substantial unexplained variability in the amount of OSA improvement for any given amount of weight loss. Facial photography is a simple, inexpensive, and radiation-free method for craniofacial assessment. Our aims were (1) to determine whether facial measurements can explain OSA changes, beyond weight loss magnitude and (2) whether facial morphology relates to how effective weight loss will be for OSA improvement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We combined data from three weight loss intervention trials in which participants had standardized pre-intervention facial photography (N = 91; 70.3% male, mean \u00b1 SD weight loss 10.4 \u00b1 9.6% with 20.5 \u00b1 51.2% apnea\u2013hypopnea index [AHI] reduction). Three skeletal-type craniofacial measurements (mandibular length, lower face height, and maxilla-mandible relationship angle) were assessed for relationship to AHI change following weight loss intervention.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Weight and AHI changes were moderately correlated (rho = 0.3, p = 0.002). In linear regression, an increased maxilla-mandible relationship angle related to AHI improvement (\u03b2 [95% CI] \u22121.7 [\u22122.9, \u22120.5], p = 0.004). Maxilla-mandible relationship angle explained 10% in the variance in AHI over the amount predicted by weight loss amount (20%). The relationship between weight change and AHI was unaffected by the maxilla\u2013mandible relationship angle (interaction term p &amp;gt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Regardless of facial morphology, weight loss is similarly moderately predictive of OSA improvement. Increased maxilla-mandible relationship angle, suggestive of retrognathia, was weakly predictive of OSA response to weight loss. Although this is unlikely to be clinically useful, exploration in other ethnic groups may be warranted.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T19:29:21Z","timestamp":1602530961000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Does craniofacial morphology relate to sleep apnea severity reduction following weight loss intervention? A patient-level meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6106-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Sutherland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Sleep Health & Research, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia L","family":"Chapman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroSleep NHMRC Centre or Research Excellence and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A","family":"Cayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"NeuroSleep NHMRC Centre or Research Excellence and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimee B","family":"Lowth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Sleep Health & Research, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6543-4016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla M","family":"Hoyos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"NeuroSleep NHMRC Centre or Research Excellence and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"School of Psychology, and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith K H","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"NeuroSleep NHMRC Centre or Research Excellence and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brendon J","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"NeuroSleep NHMRC Centre or Research Excellence and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronald R","family":"Grunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"NeuroSleep NHMRC Centre or Research Excellence and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7920-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A","family":"Cistulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Sleep Health & Research, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9014-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel S","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"NeuroSleep NHMRC Centre or Research Excellence and Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2021031209002175300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1101","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00094.2015","article-title":"Translational approaches to understanding metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular consequences of obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"309","author":"Drager","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ 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