{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:36:17Z","timestamp":1789799777926,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,1]],"date-time":"2021-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614556800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Beijing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7194262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7194262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81970900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81970900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61673051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61673051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Beijing Municipal Administration","award":["XTZD20180101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XTZD20180101"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the neural difference between children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and healthy controls, together with the relation between this difference and cognitive dysfunction of children with OSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty children with OSA (7.2 \u00b1 3.1 years, apnea hypopnea index (AHI): 16.5 \u00b1 16.6 events\/h) and 29 healthy controls (7.7 \u00b1 2.8 years, AHI: 1.7 \u00b1 1.2 events\/h) were recruited and matched with age, gender, and handedness. All children underwent resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) and T1-wighted imaging. Some children were sedated for MRI scanning. We compared amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) of children with OSA with those of healthy controls. During resting-state, the former reflects the intensity of the spontaneous neural activities, whereas the latter reflects temporal similarity of the spontaneous neural activities within a local brain region. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between these features of rs-fMRI and cognitive scores among children with OSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with controls, children with OSA showed decreased ALFF in the left angular gyrus but increased ALFF in the right insula, and decreased ReHo in the left medial superior frontal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, and left precuneus. Additionally, among children with OSA, the ReHo value in the right lingual gyrus was negatively correlated with FIQ and VIQ, whereas that in the left medial superior frontal gyrus was positively correlated with VIQ.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with OSA presented abnormal neural activities in some brain regions and impaired cognitive functions with the former possibly being the neural mechanism of the latter.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,6]],"date-time":"2021-03-06T10:02:15Z","timestamp":1615024935000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Brain function in children with obstructive sleep apnea: a resting-state fMRI study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Pediatric Surgery, Engineering and Translational Center, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medical Science and Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine (Beihang University) , Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the , People\u2019s Republic of China, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengcai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhifei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Department of Sleep Center, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongbin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sleep Center, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Imaging Center, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Imaging Center, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"},{"name":"Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children\u2019s Health , Beijing , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 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