{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:21:58Z","timestamp":1790788918673,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012866","name":"Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec- Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may exacerbate this risk by contributing to the development of CKD. This study investigated the prevalence and patient awareness of the risk of CKD progression in individuals with OSA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adults referred to five Canadian academic sleep centers for suspected OSA completed a questionnaire, a home sleep apnea test or in-lab polysomnography and provided blood and urine samples for measurement of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR), respectively. The risk of CKD progression was estimated from a heat map incorporating both eGFR and ACR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>1295 adults (42% female, 54 \u00b1 13 years) were categorized based on the oxygen desaturation index (4% desaturation): &amp;lt;15 (no\/mild OSA, n = 552), 15\u221230 (moderate OSA, n = 322), and &amp;gt;30 (severe OSA, n = 421). After stratification, 13.6% of the no\/mild OSA group, 28.9% of the moderate OSA group, and 30.9% of the severe OSA group had a moderate-to-very high risk of CKD progression (p &amp;lt; .001), which was defined as an eGFR &amp;lt;60 mL\/min\/1.73 m2, an ACR \u22653 mg\/mmol, or both. Compared to those with no\/mild OSA, the odds ratio for moderate-to-very high risk of CKD progression was 2.63 (95% CI: 1.79\u22123.85) for moderate OSA and 2.96 (2.04\u20134.30) for severe OSA after adjustment for CKD risk factors. Among patients at increased risk of CKD progression, 73% were unaware they had abnormal kidney function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with moderate and severe OSA have an increased risk of CKD progression independent of other CKD risk factors; most patients are unaware of this increased risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsab267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:26:00Z","timestamp":1636590360000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3295-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew E","family":"Beaudin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Hotchkiss 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Centre de recherche, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Qu\u00e9bec, Universit\u00e9 Laval , Qu\u00e9bec, QC , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kimoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Division and Sleep Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P","family":"Skomro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najib T","family":"Ayas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Respiratory and Critical Care Divisions, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick J","family":"Hanly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"},{"name":"Sleep Centre, Foothills Medical Centre , Calgary AB , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, AB , Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2023031313553909500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-01843-4","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in Russia: the Ural eye and medical study","volume":"21","author":"Bikbov","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"issue":"17","key":"2023031313553909500_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.17.2038","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the United 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