{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T13:39:00Z","timestamp":1777124340261,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642291200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172842"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172842"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81803104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81803104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81672386"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81672386"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFSY008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFSY008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFS0276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFS0276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"West China Nursing Discipline Development Special Fund Project","award":["HXHL21008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HXHL21008"]}]},{"name":"Technology Innovation Project of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau","award":["2019-YF05-00459-SN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-YF05-00459-SN"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral research and Development Fund and Translational medicine fund of West China Hospital","award":["2020HXBH119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020HXBH119"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral research and Development Fund and Translational medicine fund of West China Hospital","award":["CGZH19002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CGZH19002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sleep and circadian phenotypes are associated with several diseases. The present study aimed to investigate whether sleep and circadian phenotypes were causally linked with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Habitual sleep duration, insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, daytime napping, and chronotype were selected as exposures. Key outcomes included positivity and hospitalization for COVID-19. In the observation cohort study, multivariable risk ratios (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to estimate the causal effects of the significant findings in the observation analyses. Odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% CIs were calculated and compared using the inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the UK Biobank cohort study, both often excessive daytime sleepiness and sometimes daytime napping were associated with hospitalized COVID-19 (excessive daytime sleepiness [often vs. never]: RR\u2005=\u20051.24, 95% CI\u2005=\u20051.02\u22121.5; daytime napping [sometimes vs. never]: RR\u2005=\u20051.12, 95% CI\u2005=\u20051.02\u22121.22). In addition, sometimes daytime napping was also associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 susceptibility (sometimes vs. never: RR\u2005=\u20051.04, 95% CI\u2005=\u20051.01\u22121.28). In the MR analyses, excessive daytime sleepiness was found to increase the risk of hospitalized COVID-19 (MR IVW method: OR\u2005=\u20054.53, 95% CI\u2005=\u20051.04\u221219.82), whereas little evidence supported a causal link between daytime napping and COVID-19 outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Observational and genetic evidence supports a potential causal link between excessive daytime sleepiness and an increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization, suggesting that interventions targeting excessive daytime sleepiness symptoms might decrease severe COVID-19 rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]],"date-time":"2022-01-16T20:21:20Z","timestamp":1642364480000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Associations of sleep and circadian phenotypes with COVID-19 susceptibility and hospitalization: an observational cohort study based on the UK Biobank and a two-sample Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Zheran","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonglin","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhigong","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruidan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lianlian","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiyan","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan , China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xingchen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotherapy and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2022061309594412200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0190-z","article-title":"Sleep and inflammation: partners in sickness and in health","volume":"19","author":"Irwin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2022061309594412200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1382","article-title":"Sleep duration and sleep quality in relation to 12-year cardiovascular disease incidence: The MORGEN 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