{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:47:21Z","timestamp":1784310441389,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/06835-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/06835-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of the present study was to investigate orofacial pain in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) and determine possible associations with masticatory muscle hypotonia (MMH), maximum mouth opening (MMO), and sleep disorders. Twenty-three individuals with DS underwent a standardized clinical examination using Axis I of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, for the diagnosis of pain in the masseter and temporal muscles and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). MMH was investigated using electromyography of the temporal and masseter muscles and the measurement of maximum bite force (MBF). MMO was measured using an analog caliper. Sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnea [OSA], snoring index [SI], and sleep bruxism index [SBI]) were investigated using type II polysomnography. Statistical analysis was performed. Nonsignificant differences were found in muscle and TMJ pain between the sexes. However, myalgia and referred myofascial pain in the left masseter muscle were more frequent in males (69%) than females (40%). Electrical activity of the temporal (left: p = .002; right: p = .004) and masseter (left: p = .008) muscles was significantly lower in males than in females. MBF range was lower in males than females, indicating the highest MMH among males. OSA, SI, and SBI were identified in both sexes, but with no statistically significant differences. We concluded that myalgia and referred myofascial pain were found in some individuals with DS, especially in males. Arthralgia was found mainly in females. Temporal and masseter myalgia may have exerted an influence on the severity of MMH in males, particularly on the left side.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T12:29:20Z","timestamp":1659184160000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Down syndrome: orofacial pain, masticatory muscle hypotonia, and sleep disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Bruna","family":"Dicieri-Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosciences Applied to Patients with Special Needs (CEBAPE), Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos Campus, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Fernandes","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosciences Applied to Patients with Special Needs (CEBAPE), Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos Campus, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian Chrystiane","family":"Giannasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosciences Applied to Patients with Special Needs (CEBAPE), Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos Campus, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio Roberto","family":"Nacif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of the State Public Servant of S\u00e3o Paulo (IAMSPE) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezequiel Fernandes","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosciences Applied to Patients with Special Needs (CEBAPE), Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos Campus, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angel Castillo","family":"Salgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosciences Applied to Patients with Special Needs (CEBAPE), Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos Campus, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) , S\u00e3o Paulo ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Benedito","family":"de Oliveira Amorim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biosciences Applied to Patients with Special Needs (CEBAPE), Institute of Science and Technology, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 dos Campos Campus, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) , S\u00e3o Paulo 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