{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:36:52Z","timestamp":1791545812999,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated associations between inflammatory profiles\/clusters and sleep measures in people living with HIV and demographically-\/lifestyle-similar HIV-negative controls in the Pharmacokinetic and clinical Observations in PeoPle over fiftY (POPPY)-Sleep substudy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary outcome was insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index [ISI]&amp;gt;15). Secondary sleep outcomes included 7-day actigraphy (e.g. mean\/standard deviation of sleep duration\/efficiency), overnight oximetry (e.g. oxygen desaturation index [ODI]) and patient-reported measures (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) sleep questionnaires). Participants were grouped using Principal Component Analysis of 31 biomarkers across several inflammatory pathways followed by cluster analysis. Between-cluster differences in baseline characteristics and sleep outcomes were assessed using Kruskal\u2013Wallis\/logistic regression\/Chi-squared\/Fisher\u2019s exact tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 465 participants included (74% people with HIV, median [interquartile range] age 54 [50\u201360] years), only 18% had insomnia and secondary sleep outcomes suggested generally good sleep (e.g. ODI 3.1\/hr [1.5\u20136.4]). Three clusters with distinct inflammatory profiles were identified: \u201cgut\/immune activation\u201d (n = 47), \u201cneurovascular\u201d (n = 209), and \u201creference\u201d (relatively lower inflammation; n = 209). The \u201cneurovascular\u201d cluster included higher proportions of people with HIV, obesity (BMI&amp;gt;30 kg\/m2), and previous cardiovascular disease, mental health disorder, and arthritis of knee\/hip relative to the other two clusters. No clinically relevant between-cluster differences were observed in proportions with insomnia (17%, 18%, 20%) before (p = .76) or after (p = .75) adjustment for potential confounders. Few associations were observed among actigraphy, oximetry, and PROMIS measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although associations could exist with other sleep measures or biomarker types not assessed, our findings do not support a strong association between sleep and inflammation in people with HIV.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac212","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T23:24:21Z","timestamp":1663197861000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Biomarker associations with insomnia and secondary sleep outcomes in persons with and without HIV in the POPPY-Sleep substudy: a cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Bakewell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Global Health, University College London , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline 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