{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T03:13:22Z","timestamp":1785899602015,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005407","name":"Food and Health Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MHS-P1 (Part 2)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MHS-P1 (Part 2)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>No study has yet examined the prevalence of frequent nightmares in representative youth populations in Asia and how they may contribute to future mental health risks. We aimed to fill this gap using data from a large-scale household-based youth sample in Hong Kong.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were consecutively recruited from a large-scale epidemiological youth mental health study in Hong Kong (n = 3132). A subset of participants were invited for a follow-up assessment after 1 year (n = 1154 in the final analyses). Frequent nightmares (\u22651\/week during the past month) were assessed using an item from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Univariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine the contribution of frequent nightmares at baseline to moderate-to-severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and 30-day major depressive episode (MDE) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), both at baseline and follow-up. The long-term functional implications of frequent nightmares were also examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of frequent nightmares was 16.3%. Females were more likely to experience frequent nightmares (20.4%) compared to males (12.1%), p &amp;lt; 0.001. Baseline frequent nightmares were significantly associated with all four mental health outcomes at 1 year. Notably, their prospective associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms and 30-day MDE\/GAD remained significant even after adjusting for external stressors, resilience, and sociodemographic characteristics. Frequent nightmares were also significantly associated with both current and 1-year functional impairments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Frequent nightmares have significant long-term implications on mental health and functioning. Identifying young adults with frequent nightmares can improve early risk detection and intervention in the population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]],"date-time":"2022-12-03T20:43:10Z","timestamp":1670100190000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Prevalence of frequent nightmares and their prospective associations with 1-year psychiatric symptoms and disorders and functioning in young adults: a large-scale epidemiological study in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9535-9846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie M Y","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy L M","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian K W","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2766-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi Nam","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sherry K W","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin H M","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Tai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T H","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5247-3593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Y H","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"},{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041207223214000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8721.2009.01614.x","article-title":"Nightmares, bad dreams, and emotion dysregulation: a review and new neurocognitive model of dreaming","volume":"18","author":"Levin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol 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