{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T08:00:38Z","timestamp":1793865638693,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH-NHLBI T32HL007901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH-NHLBI T32HL007901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shift work is a risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, possibly through effects on sleep\u2013wake rhythms. We hypothesized that evening (afternoon and night combined) and irregular (irregular\/on-call or rotating combined) shift work during pregnancy is associated with increased odds of preeclampsia, preterm birth, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), mediated by irregular sleep timing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b) is a prospective cohort study (n\u2005=\u200510 038) designed to investigate risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Medical outcomes were determined with medical record abstraction and\/or questionnaires; sleep midpoint was measured in a subset of participants with\u2005\u22655-day wrist actigraphy (ActiWatch). We estimated the association of evening and irregular shift work during pregnancy with preeclampsia, preterm birth, and GDM using logistic regression, adjusted for adversity (cumulative variable for poverty, education, health insurance, and partner status), smoking, self-reported race\/ethnicity, and age. Finally, we explored whether the association between shiftwork and GDM was mediated by variability in sleep timing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evening shift work is associated with approximately 75% increased odds of developing GDM (adjusted OR\u2005=\u20051.75, 95% CI: 1.12\u20132.66); we did not observe associations with irregular shifts, preterm birth, or preeclampsia after adjustment. Pregnant evening shift workers were found to have approximately 45 minutes greater variability in sleep timing compared to day workers (p\u2005&amp;lt;\u2005.005); sleep-timing variability explained 25% of the association between evening shift work and GDM in a mediation analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evening shift work was associated with GDM, and this relationship may be mediated by variability in sleep timing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]],"date-time":"2022-12-07T11:33:09Z","timestamp":1670412789000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Associations between evening shift work, irregular sleep timing, and gestational diabetes in the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7033-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle A","family":"Wallace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA"},{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William A","family":"Grobman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine , Columbus, OH , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca L","family":"Facco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pittsburgh, Magee-Womens Hospital , Pittsburgh, PA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Silver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center , Salt Lake City, UT , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace W","family":"Pien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judette","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine , Tampa, FL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phyllis C","family":"Zee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Center for Circadian and Sleep Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago, IL , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6585-1610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Redline","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA"},{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8520-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamar","family":"Sofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston MA , USA"},{"name":"Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital , Boston MA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston, MA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023041207224621400_","article-title":"A time to work: recent trends in shift work and flexible schedules.","author":"McMenamin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mon Labor Rev"},{"key":"2023041207224621400_","volume-title":"Maternity Leave and Employment Patterns of First-Time Mothers: 1961\u20132008: Current Population Reports P70-128","author":"U.S. Census Bureau.","year":"2011"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1933","article-title":"Night shift work, genetic risk, and type 2 diabetes in the UK biobank","volume":"41","author":"Vetter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2019.1683570","article-title":"Association between shift work and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"37","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.015","article-title":"Shift work, and particularly permanent night shifts, promote dyslipidaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"313","author":"Dutheil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i5210","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5210","article-title":"Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep","volume":"355","author":"Kecklund","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00420-019-01459-8","article-title":"The relationship between anthropometric measures and cardiometabolic health in shift work: findings from the Atlantic PATH Cohort Study","volume":"93","author":"Sweeney","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Arch Occup Environ Health."},{"key":"2023041207224621400_","volume-title":"Night Shift Work","author":"IARC Working Group on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans.","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001442","article-title":"Associations of rotational shift work and night shift status with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Manohar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hypertens."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2014-102150","article-title":"Shift work and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"72","author":"Gan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520802106835","article-title":"Do permanent night workers show circadian adjustment? A review based on the endogenous melatonin rhythm","volume":"25","author":"Folkard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000262524","article-title":"Role of sleep and sleep loss in hormonal release and metabolism","volume":"17","author":"Leproult","year":"2010","journal-title":"Endocr Dev."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.06.051","article-title":"The impact of occupational shift work and working hours during pregnancy on health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"221","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0215748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215748","article-title":"Night work during pregnancy and preterm birth-A large register-based cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Specht","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1864","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyab135","article-title":"Shift and night work during pregnancy and preterm birth-a cohort study of Swedish health care employees","volume":"50","author":"Kader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12463","article-title":"Effects of long working hours and shift work during pregnancy on obstetric and perinatal outcomes: A large prospective cohort study-Japan Environment and Children\u2019s Study","volume":"47","author":"Suzumori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2012.03.038","article-title":"Social jetlag and obesity","volume":"22","author":"Roenneberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.201","article-title":"Social jetlag, obesity and metabolic disorder: investigation in a cohort study","volume":"39","author":"Parsons","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4612","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2923","article-title":"Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk","volume":"100","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5464","article-title":"Bedtime variability and metabolic health in midlife women: the SWAN sleep study","volume":"39","author":"Taylor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5424","article-title":"How much day-to-day variability in sleep timing is unhealthy?","volume":"39","author":"Gooley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0596","article-title":"Cross-sectional and prospective associations of actigraphy-assessed sleep regularity with metabolic abnormalities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"42","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.12.054","article-title":"Sleep irregularity and risk of cardiovascular events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis","volume":"75","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajogmf.2019.100040","article-title":"Later sleep timing is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth in nulliparous women","volume":"1","author":"Facco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Obstetr Gynecol MFM"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7534","article-title":"Association of adverse pregnancy outcomes with self-reported measures of sleep duration and timing in women who are nulliparous","volume":"14","author":"Facco","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.066","article-title":"Objectively measured short sleep duration and later sleep midpoint in pregnancy are associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes","volume":"217","author":"Facco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.019","article-title":"A description of the methods of the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b)","volume":"212","author":"Haas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041207224621400_","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Report of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u2019 Task Force on Hypertension in Pregnancy","volume":"122","author":"The American College of O and G. Hypertension in pregnancy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14715","article-title":"Measuring socioeconomic adversity in early life","volume":"108","author":"Anand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx045","article-title":"Sleep during pregnancy: The nuMoM2b Pregnancy and Sleep Duration and Continuity Study","volume":"40","author":"Reid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.27874","article-title":"Validity of activity-based devices to estimate sleep","volume":"6","author":"Weiss","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpa.2021.100147","article-title":"InteractionR: An R package for full reporting of effect modification and interaction","volume":"10","author":"Alli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Software Impacts"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v059.i05","article-title":"mediation:R package for causal mediation analysis","volume":"59","author":"Tingley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020761","article-title":"A general approach to causal mediation analysis","volume":"15","author":"Imai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Methods."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy131","article-title":"Impact of shift work schedules on actigraphy-based measures of sleep in Hispanic workers: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study\/Study of Latinos ancillary Sue\u00f1o study","volume":"41","author":"Reid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520500545979","article-title":"Social jetlag: misalignment of biological and social time","volume":"23","author":"Wittmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041207224621400_","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chronotype and Social Jetlag: A (Self-) Critical Review","volume":"8","author":"Roenneberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150702","article-title":"The role of inflammation in the pathology of preeclampsia","volume":"130","author":"Harmon","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5427","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1662","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators and glucose in pregnancy: results from a subset of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study","volume":"95","author":"Lowe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0130-1","article-title":"Melatonin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity","volume":"15","author":"Karamitri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2018.02.006","article-title":"Investigating cortisol production and pattern as mediators in the relationship between shift work and cardiometabolic risk","volume":"34","author":"Ritonja","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e038786e038786","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-038786","article-title":"Relationships among shift work, hair cortisol concentration and sleep disorders: a cross-sectional study in China","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12995-018-0204-y","article-title":"Impact of shift work on the diurnal cortisol rhythm: a one-year longitudinal study in junior physicians","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Occup Med Toxicol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1862","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1551","article-title":"Shift work at young age is associated with elevated long-term cortisol levels and body mass index","volume":"96","author":"Manenschijn","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1113\/JP277186","article-title":"Simulated shift work disrupts maternal circadian rhythms and metabolism, and increases gestation length in sheep","volume":"597","author":"Gatford","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)."},{"issue":"8","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa354","article-title":"Metabolic Effects of Late Dinner in Healthy Volunteers-A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial","volume":"105","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.02.010","article-title":"Sleep influences on obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes","volume":"84","author":"Reutrakul","year":"2018","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1097\/00001703-200312000-00002","article-title":"Pregnancy: a stress test for life","volume":"15","author":"Williams","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002488","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002488","article-title":"Increased risk of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus, a target group in general practice for preventive interventions: A population-based cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Daly","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(20)30161-3","article-title":"Gestational diabetes: opportunities for improving maternal and child health","volume":"8","author":"Saravanan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l6398","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l6398","article-title":"Maternal diabetes during pregnancy and early onset of cardiovascular disease in offspring: population based cohort study with 40 years of follow-up","volume":"367","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1808","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in childhood: association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"115","author":"Boney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp020","article-title":"Adolescent manifestations of metabolic syndrome among children born to women with gestational diabetes in a general-population birth cohort","volume":"169","author":"V\u00e4\u00e4r\u00e4sm\u00e4ki","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2005.00470.x","article-title":"The dim light melatonin onset following fixed and free sleep schedules","volume":"14","author":"Burgess","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-18-1018","article-title":"Shift work, chronotype, and melatonin rhythm in nurses","volume":"28","author":"Razavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-019-00525-2","article-title":"Night shift work before and during pregnancy in relation to depression and anxiety in adolescent and young adult offspring","volume":"34","author":"Strohmaier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041207224621400_","first-page":"623","article-title":"Working conditions and adverse pregnancy outcome: a meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Mozurkewich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(97)00083-0","article-title":"Working conditions and prevalence of pre-eclampsia, Norway 1989.","volume":"58","author":"Wergeland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstetr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqp119","article-title":"Working hours and risk of gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia","volume":"60","author":"Chang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.1147","article-title":"Population-based study on occupational risk factors for preeclampsia and gestational hypertension","volume":"33","author":"Haelterman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e39263","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039263","article-title":"Work-related maternal risk factors and the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension and preeclampsia during pregnancy. The Generation R Study","volume":"7","author":"Nugteren","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"43","key":"2023041207224621400_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6743a2","article-title":"Prevalence and changes in preexisting diabetes and gestational diabetes among women who had a live birth - United States, 2012-2016","volume":"67","author":"Deputy","year":"2018","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023041207224621400_","first-page":"2283","article-title":"Guiding principles for determining work shift duration and addressing the effects of work shift duration on performance, safety, and health","volume":"17","author":"Gurubhagavatula","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["Sleep"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsac297\/48445191\/zsac297.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/46\/4\/zsac297\/49799275\/zsac297.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/46\/4\/zsac297\/49799275\/zsac297.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T11:40:06Z","timestamp":1701517206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsac297\/6881002"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsac297","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.05.23.22274967","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,7]]},"article-number":"zsac297"}}