{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T13:51:52Z","timestamp":1788875512981,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,21]],"date-time":"2022-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671580800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"VA Health Services Research and Development","award":["# RCS 20-191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["# RCS 20-191"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24HL143055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24HL143055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We examined whether women service members and veterans who reported recent combat and\/or sexual trauma experiences had a greater risk of insomnia compared with women who did not report these recent experiences, and whether insomnia would be associated with a greater risk of mental health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed two waves of survey data (2011\u20132013, Time 1 [T1] and 2014\u20132016, Time 2 [T2]) from 26\u2009443 current and former women service members from the Millennium Cohort Study. We assessed recent traumas in the past 3 years, and probable insomnia at T1 and probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression at T2. A longitudinal mediation model was used to quantify separate indirect effects of recent traumas on mental health outcomes through probable insomnia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Women who had experienced recent sexual assault (odds ratio [OR] = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.24\u20132.10), sexual harassment (OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.05\u20131.41), and combat (OR = 1.34; 95% CI = 1.20\u20131.49) at T1 had a greater risk of probable insomnia at T1 compared with women who had not recently experienced these events. Probable insomnia at T1, in turn, was associated with probable depression (OR = 2.66; 95% CI = 2.31\u20133.06) and PTSD (OR = 2.57; 95% CI = 2.27\u20132.90) at T2. Recent combat experience did not moderate the associations of recent sexual trauma with insomnia or mental health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insomnia contributes to the risk of subsequent mental health conditions following trauma. The diagnosis and treatment of post-trauma insomnia should be prioritized to mitigate the development of posttraumatic mental health conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T05:16:16Z","timestamp":1671686176000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Contribution of post-trauma insomnia to depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in women service members: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Gwendolyn C","family":"Carlson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, CA , USA"},{"name":"VA HSR&D Center for the Study of Healthcare Innovation, Implementation and Policy, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, CA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolph P","family":"Rull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deployment Health Research Department, Naval Health Research Center , San Diego, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0849-3391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer L","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, CA , USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA , Los Angeles, CA , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Millennium Cohort Study 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