{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:14:54Z","timestamp":1790637294698,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001131","name":"Australasian Sleep Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"NHMRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1138322"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1138322"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To explore potential relationships and longitudinal changes in sleep and mental health in recruit paramedics over the first 6 months of work, and whether sleep disturbances pre-emergency work predict future mental health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants (N\u2005=\u2005101, 52% female, Mage\u2005=\u200526 years) completed questionnaires prior to (baseline), and after 6 months of emergency work to assess for symptoms of insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and trauma exposure. At each timepoint, participants also completed a sleep diary and wore an actigraph for 14 days to assess sleep patterns. Correlations between baseline sleep and mental health were conducted and changes in these variables across timepoints were examined using linear mixed models. Hierarchical regressions assessed whether sleep at baseline predicted mental health at follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insomnia and depression symptoms, and total sleep time increased while sleep onset latency decreased across the first 6 months of emergency work. Participants experienced an average of 1 potentially traumatic event during the 6-month period. Baseline insomnia predicted increased depression symptoms at the 6-month follow-up, while baseline wake after sleep onset predicted follow-up PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results highlight an increase in insomnia and depression across the initial months of emergency work, while sleep disturbances before emergency work were identified as potential risk factors for the development of depression and PTSD among paramedics in their early career. Screening and early interventions targeting poor sleep at the beginning of emergency employment may assist in reducing the risk of future mental health outcomes in this high-risk occupation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T08:26:32Z","timestamp":1677745592000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Sleep and mental health in recruit paramedics: a 6-month longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0128-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elle","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Meadley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paramedic Health and Well-being Research Unit, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paramedicine, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"},{"name":"Ambulance Victoria , Doncaster, Victoria 3108 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3531-8038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7527-8558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shantha M W","family":"Rajaratnam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800 , Australia"},{"name":"Paramedic Health and Well-being Research Unit, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paramedic Health and Well-being Research Unit, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paramedicine, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paramedic Health and Well-being Research Unit, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paramedicine, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria 3000 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5965-5971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly-Ann","family":"Bowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paramedic Health and Well-being Research Unit, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Paramedicine, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan L","family":"Dobbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ambulance Victoria , Doncaster, Victoria 3108 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9815-626X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean P A","family":"Drummond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander P","family":"Wolkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800 , Australia"},{"name":"Paramedic Health and Well-being Research Unit, Monash University , Frankston, Victoria 3199 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2003.005645","article-title":"Levels of mental health problems among UK emergency ambulance workers","volume":"21","author":"Bennett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg Med J."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0002","first-page":"32","article-title":"Caring for the carers: fatigue, sleep, and mental health in Australian paramedic shiftworkers","volume":"3","author":"Courtney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Org Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-011-0408-2","article-title":"Rescuers at risk: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of the worldwide current prevalence and correlates of PTSD in rescue workers","volume":"47","author":"Berger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.4534","article-title":"Common sleep disorders increase risk of motor vehicle crashes and adverse health outcomes in firefighters","volume":"11","author":"Barger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2020.04.001","article-title":"Sleep hygiene in paramedics: what do they know and what do they do","volume":"6","author":"Shriane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-010-0467-8","article-title":"The prevalence of sleep problems in emergency medical technicians","volume":"16","author":"Pirrallo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2019.12.002","article-title":"The relationship between shift-work, sleep, and mental health among paramedics in Australia","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0008","first-page":"1","author":"Beyond Blue Ltd","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0009","first-page":"1","author":"Ambulance Victoria","year":"2016"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030398","article-title":"The cost of inadequate sleep among on-call workers in australia: a workplace perspective","volume":"15","author":"Vincent","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1108\/13620431111140147","article-title":"Exploring the impact of sleep-related impairments on the perceived general health and retention intent of an Emergency Medical Services (EMS) sample","volume":"16","author":"Blau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Career Dev Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.12968\/jpar.2021.13.4.152","article-title":"Staff wellbeing: a matter for quality indicators or a concern in its own right","volume":"13","author":"Lipman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Paramed Pract."},{"issue":"8","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17082708","article-title":"Sleep quality and mental disorder symptoms among Canadian public safety personnel","volume":"17","author":"Angehrn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2009.082982","article-title":"Identifying risk of emotional sequelae after critical incidents","volume":"28","author":"Halpern","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Med J."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18010070","article-title":"Mental and physical factors influencing wellbeing among South Korean emergency workers","volume":"18","author":"Choi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1080\/07420520601058005","article-title":"Are individuals\u2019 nighttime sleep characteristics prior to shift-work exposure predictive for parameters of daytime sleep after commencing shift work","volume":"23","author":"Lammers-van der Holst","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0017","first-page":"e36","article-title":"The impact of shift patterns on junior doctors\u2019 perceptions of fatigue, training, work\/life balance and the role of social support","volume":"19","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Qual Saf Health Care."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2016.04.001","article-title":"New graduate nurses\u2019 experiences about lack of professional confidence","volume":"19","author":"Ortiz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Pract."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0019","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder and the effect of explanatory variables in paramedic trainees","volume":"14","author":"Fjeldheim","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1080\/10903127.2021.1949081","article-title":"Cardiometabolic, dietary and physical health in graduate paramedics during the first 12-months of practice - a longitudinal study","volume":"26","author":"Meadley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prehosp Emerg Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.41","article-title":"A Prospective cohort study investigating factors associated with depression during medical internship","volume":"67","author":"Sen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsw073","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsw073","article-title":"Sleep disturbance and short sleep as risk factors for depression and perceived medical errors in first-year residents","volume":"40","author":"Kalmbach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-021-00400-z","article-title":"Day-to-day variability in sleep parameters and depression risk: a prospective cohort study of training physicians","volume":"4","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"NPJ Digital Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2022.06.001","article-title":"Transition to shift work: Sleep patterns, activity levels, and physiological health of early-career paramedics","volume":"8","author":"Betson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Health."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2022.09.009","article-title":"Mental health risk factors for shift work disorder in paramedics: a longitudinal study","volume":"9","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716000532","article-title":"A prospective study of pre-trauma risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression","volume":"46","author":"Wild","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2798","article-title":"Predeployment sleep duration and insomnia symptoms as risk factors for new-onset mental health disorders following military deployment","volume":"36","author":"Gehrman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsy229","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsy229","article-title":"Pre-deployment insomnia is associated with post-deployment post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal ideation in US Army soldiers","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0029","first-page":"267","article-title":"Association of sleep quality with depression in Police Officers","volume":"13","author":"Slaven","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Ment Health."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e030302e030302","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-030302","article-title":"Associations between shift work characteristics, shift work schedules, sleep and burnout in North American police officers: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Peterson","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","article-title":"Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2014a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support","volume":"42","author":"Harris","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-131-7-199910050-00002","article-title":"Using the Berlin questionnaire to identify patients at risk for the sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"131","author":"Netzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.601","article-title":"The Insomnia Severity Index: psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response","volume":"34","author":"Morin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0034","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2010.00858.x","article-title":"Actigraphic assessment of a polysomnographic-recorded nap: a validation study","volume":"20","author":"Kanady","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00098-8","article-title":"Comparison of actigraphic, polysomnographic, and subjective assessment of sleep parameters in sleep-disordered patients","volume":"2","author":"Kushida","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21982","article-title":"Sleep variability in military-related PTSD: a comparison to primary insomnia and healthy controls","volume":"28","author":"Straus","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103719","article-title":"Sleep diary- and actigraphy-derived sleep parameters of 8-hour fast-rotating shift work nurses: a prospective descriptive study","volume":"112","author":"Baek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12944","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12944","article-title":"Validity, potential clinical utility and comparison of a consumer activity tracker and a research-grade activity tracker in insomnia disorder II: outside the laboratory","volume":"29","author":"Hamill","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730420984563","article-title":"Diurnal rhythm robustness in individuals with PTSD and insomnia and the association with sleep","volume":"36","author":"Mascaro","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000478","article-title":"The impact of prolonged exposure on sleep and enhancing treatment outcomes with evidence-based sleep interventions: a pilot study","volume":"12","author":"Walters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsz206","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsz206","article-title":"Sleep and wake are shared and transmitted between individuals with insomnia and their bed-sharing partners","volume":"43","author":"Walters","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.6384","article-title":"Reliability of actigraphy and subjective sleep measurements in adults: the design of sleep assessments","volume":"13","author":"Aili","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03447-8","article-title":"The feasibility and reliability of actigraphy to monitor sleep in intensive care patients: an observational study","volume":"25","author":"Delaney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","article-title":"A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research","volume":"15","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.1.81","article-title":"Further validation of actigraphy for sleep studies","volume":"26","author":"Souza","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104269954","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the life events checklist","volume":"11","author":"Gray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0048","author":"Weathers","year":"2018"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-fifth edition (PCL-5) in veterans","volume":"28","author":"Bovin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychol Assess."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006","article-title":"The Patient Health Questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Kroenke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","article-title":"A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder","volume":"166","author":"Spitzer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.16.1789","article-title":"The AUDIT alcohol consumption questions (AUDIT-C): an effective brief screening test for problem drinking","volume":"158","author":"Bush","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.d.18.00242","article-title":"What is the proper way to apply the multiple comparison test","volume":"71","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Korean J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0054","article-title":"Multiple comparisons","volume-title":"Handbook of Biological Statistics","author":"McDonald","year":"2014","edition":"3"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2364","article-title":"Sleep disorders and associated medical comorbidities in active duty military personnel","volume":"36","author":"Mysliwiec","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0056","first-page":"241","article-title":"PTSD symptoms among police officers: associations with frequency, recency, and types of traumatic events","volume":"15","author":"Hartley","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Ment Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/31.4.473","article-title":"Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults","volume":"31","author":"Buysse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2016.11.006","article-title":"National Sleep Foundation\u2019s sleep quality recommendations: first report","volume":"3","author":"Ohayon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.11.010","article-title":"A prospective study of predictors of depression symptoms in police","volume":"175","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100565","article-title":"Consequences of early career nurse burnout: a prospective long-term follow-up on cognitive functions, depressive symptoms, and insomnia","volume":"27","author":"Rudman","year":"2020","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2013.07.003","article-title":"Pre-deployment daytime and nighttime sleep complaints as predictors of post-deployment PTSD and depression in National Guard troops","volume":"27","author":"Koffel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22054","article-title":"Impact of impaired sleep on the development of PTSD symptoms in combat veterans: a prospective longitudinal cohort study","volume":"30","author":"van Liempt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2019.11.1263","article-title":"Predictors of the initiation of shift work disorder among Chinese intern nurses: a prospective study","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748064","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.748064","article-title":"Sleep reactivity and depressive symptoms among Chinese female student nurses: a longitudinal mediation analysis","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"issue":"8","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.4886","article-title":"Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: methodology and discussion","volume":"38","author":"Watson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"12","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000001175","article-title":"Sleep quantity and quality of Ontario Wildland firefighters across a low-hazard fire season","volume":"59","author":"McGillis","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Occup Environ Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7228","article-title":"Use of actigraphy for the evaluation of sleep disorders and circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders: an American Academy of Sleep Medicine systematic review, meta-analysis, and GRADE assessment","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2008.01.012","article-title":"Sleep and errors in a group of Australian hospital nurses at work and during the commute","volume":"39","author":"Dorrian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl Ergon."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shaw.2019.05.003","article-title":"Sleep assessment during shift work in Korean firefighters: a cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Jeong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saf Health Work"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800412439459","article-title":"Sleep quality in nurses: a randomized clinical trial of day and night shift workers","volume":"15","author":"Niu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1037\/ccp0000282","article-title":"Treating insomnia in depression: insomnia related factors predict long-term depression trajectories","volume":"86","author":"Bei","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"zsx019","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx019","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral insomnia therapy for those with insomnia and depression: a randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"40","author":"Carney","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1017\/S1352465821000023","article-title":"Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia for patients with co-morbid generalized anxiety disorder: an open trial on clinical outcomes and putative mechanisms","volume":"49","author":"Jansson-Frojmark","year":"2021","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Psychother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679964","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1679964","article-title":"Sleep disturbance at pre-deployment is a significant predictor of post-deployment re-experiencing \u00adsymptoms","volume":"10","author":"Acheson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/S1389-9457(00)00065-4","article-title":"Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research","volume":"2","author":"Bastien","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"35","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11754","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0478-14.2014","article-title":"Fear conditioning, safety learning, and sleep in humans","volume":"34","author":"Marshall","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s13587-015-0018-9","article-title":"Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory","volume":"5","author":"Pace-Schott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biol Mood Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11101310","article-title":"Sleep and PTSD in the military forces: a reciprocal relationship and a psychiatric approach","volume":"11","author":"Saguin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0079","first-page":"123","article-title":"Sleep deprivation disrupts recall of conditioned fear extinction","volume":"2","author":"Straus","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2020.06.002","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"142","author":"Edwards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Maturitas."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104532","article-title":"Sleep disorders and non-sleep circadian disorders predict depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies","volume":"134","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12869","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12869","article-title":"Associations between sleep disturbances, mental health outcomes and burnout in firefighters, and the mediating role of sleep during overnight work: a cross-sectional study","author":"Wolkow","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1851","article-title":"Sleep disorders, health, and safety in police officers","volume":"306","author":"Rajaratnam","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200709-155MG","article-title":"The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Punjabi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0085","author":"Amendola","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-012-0705-3","article-title":"Occupational screening for sleep disorders in 12-h shift nurses using the Berlin Questionnaire","volume":"17","author":"Geiger-Brown","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Breath."},{"issue":"7","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13064","article-title":"Co-morbid OSA and insomnia increases depression prevalence and severity in men","volume":"22","author":"Lang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Respirology."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.03.023","article-title":"Prevalence and associations of co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnoea in an Australian population-based sample","volume":"82","author":"Sweetman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181fe365a","article-title":"Sleep misperception and chronic insomnia in the general population: role of objective sleep duration and psychological profiles","volume":"73","author":"Fernandez-Mendoza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.68.5.748","article-title":"Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults","volume":"68","author":"Brewin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.06.030","article-title":"Cortisol awakening response prospectively predicts peritraumatic and acute stress reactions in police officers","volume":"70","author":"Inslicht","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S104807","article-title":"Information bias in health research: definition, pitfalls, and adjustment methods","volume":"9","author":"Althubaiti","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Multidiscip Healthc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327752JPA8001_18","article-title":"Starting at the beginning: an introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency","volume":"80","author":"Streiner","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pers Assess."},{"issue":"5","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1111\/ajr.12786","article-title":"Investigating first-year graduate paramedics\u2019 reason for current work location: a cross-sectional, data linkage study","volume":"29","author":"Ivec","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust J Rural Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1002\/da.1029","article-title":"Clinician-administered PTSD scale: a review of the first ten years of research","volume":"13","author":"Weathers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023081409212738000_CIT0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58891","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19105889","article-title":"Treating anti-vax patients, a new occupational stressor-data from the 4th wave of the Prospective Study of Intensivists and COVID-19 (PSIC)","volume":"19","author":"Magnavita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health."}],"container-title":["SLEEP"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsad050\/50880805\/zsad050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/46\/8\/zsad050\/51053340\/zsad050.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/46\/8\/zsad050\/51053340\/zsad050.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,7]],"date-time":"2023-12-07T23:29:23Z","timestamp":1701991763000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsad050\/7067303"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"references-count":96,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsad050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"article-number":"zsad050"}}