{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:43:14Z","timestamp":1790887394597,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre"},{"name":"NIHR Efficacy and Mechanisms Evaluation Programme","award":["131789"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["131789"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007602","name":"NIHR Programme Grants for Applied Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["203667"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["203667"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstact<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The long-term effects of sleep health and shift work on cognitive performance are unclear. In addition, research has been limited by small sample sizes and short follow-up periods. We conducted one of the largest examinations of the longitudinal influence of sleep health dimensions and shift work on cognitive performance in people of middle and old age using data from the UK Biobank. The hypothesis was that poor sleep health and shift work would predict lower cognitive performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self-reported sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, insomnia symptoms, chronotype, and shift work status were assessed as predictors at baseline. Cognitive performance was operationalized by a touchscreen test battery at follow-up between 7.4\u2005\u00b1\u20052.2 and 9.0\u2005\u00b1\u20050.9 years after baseline assessment, depending on the specific task. Models were performed for each cognitive domain including relevant confounders (e.g. depression). The alpha level was set at p\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.01 for all analyzes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study sample comprised 9394 participants for the reasoning task, 30 072 for the reaction time task, 30 236 for the visual memory task, 2019 for the numeric memory task, and 9476 for the prospective memory task. Shift work without night shifts (\u03b2 = \u22122.0\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22121 \u00b1 6.5\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22122, p\u2005=\u20050.002) and with night shifts (\u03b2 = \u22121.9\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22121 \u00b1 7.2\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22122, p\u2005=\u20050.010) predicted a significantly reduced performance in the reasoning task. Short sleep duration (\u03b2 = \u22122.4\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22121 \u00b1 7.9\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22122, p\u2005=\u20050.003) and shift work without night shifts (\u03b2 = \u22123.9\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22121 \u00b1 1.2\u2005\u00d7\u200510\u22121, p\u2005=\u20050.002) predicted a significantly lower performance in the task probing prospective memory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that, after controlling for confounding variables, shift work, and short sleep duration are important predictors for cognitive performance in people of middle and old age. Further work is required to examine causal mechanisms of the observed associations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]],"date-time":"2023-04-02T18:20:41Z","timestamp":1680459641000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sleep health dimensions and shift work as longitudinal predictors of cognitive performance in the UK Biobank cohort"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4035-3308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Ell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre\u2014University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9737-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julian E","family":"Schiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre\u2014University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9436-1258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernd","family":"Feige","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre\u2014University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1968-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieter","family":"Riemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre\u2014University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModulBasics), University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7189-808X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Casandra C","family":"Nyhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine , Hershey, PA 17033 , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9584-6161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Fernandez-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep Research & Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, Penn State University, College of Medicine , Hershey, Pennsylvania , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3752-1067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Vetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6380-539X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin K","family":"Rutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Centre for Biological Timing, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK"},{"name":"Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9581-5311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon D","family":"Kyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), University of Oxford , Oxford , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4133-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Spiegelhalder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre\u2014University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2762","article-title":"The memory function of sleep","volume":"11","author":"Diekelmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018883","article-title":"A meta-analysis of the impact of short-term sleep deprivation on cognitive variables","volume":"136","author":"Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691614556680","article-title":"Sleep, cognition, and normal aging: integrating a half century of multidisciplinary research","volume":"10","author":"Scullin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perspect Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13444","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of physical performance, functional status, physical activity, and mood in relation to executive function in older adults who fall","volume":"63","author":"Best","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0099-0","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment and deficits in instrumental activities of daily living: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Jekel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3298","article-title":"Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter?","volume":"37","author":"Buysse","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2017.07.001","article-title":"Sleep and cognitive performance: cross-sectional associations in the UK Biobank","volume":"38","author":"Kyle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.03.004","article-title":"Sleep duration, cognitive decline, and dementia risk in older women","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12790","article-title":"Sleep duration in midlife and later life in relation to cognition","volume":"62","author":"Devore","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/34.5.565","article-title":"Change in sleep duration and cognitive function: findings from the Whitehall II study","volume":"34","author":"Ferrie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00210-2","article-title":"The brain structure and genetic mechanisms underlying the nonlinear association between sleep duration, cognition and mental health","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2013573","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.13573","article-title":"Association between sleep duration and cognitive decline","volume":"3","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.15446","article-title":"Association between daily sleep duration and risk of dementia and mortality in a Japanese community","volume":"66","author":"Ohara","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.1732","article-title":"Sleep quality and 1-year incident cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"35","author":"Potvin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.3052","article-title":"Midlife sleep characteristics associated with late life cognitive function","volume":"36","author":"Virta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2015.12.002","article-title":"Measures of sleep\u2013wake patterns and risk of mild cognitive impairment or dementia in older women","volume":"24","author":"Diem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5352","article-title":"Impaired sleep predicts cognitive decline in old people: findings from the prospective KORA Age study","volume":"39","author":"Johar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5434","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and 15-year cognitive decline: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"39","author":"Lutsey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wad.0000201850.52707.80","article-title":"The association of self-reported sleep duration, difficulty sleeping, and snoring with cognitive function in older women","volume":"20","author":"Tworoger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1115","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing, hypoxia, and risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older women","volume":"306","author":"Yaffe","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2009.02618.x","article-title":"Total daily sleep duration and the risk of dementia: a prospective population-based study","volume":"16","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2013.09.007","article-title":"Cognitive decline in short and long sleepers: a prospective population-based study (NEDICES)","volume":"47","author":"Benito-Le\u00f3n","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2012.02.003","article-title":"What sleep characteristics predict cognitive decline in the elderly?","volume":"13","author":"Keage","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2305","article-title":"Nocturnal sleep duration and cognitive impairment in a population-based study of older adults","volume":"25","author":"Loerbroks","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwz037","article-title":"Associations of sleep characteristics with cognitive function and decline among older adults","volume":"188","author":"McSorley","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.07.033","article-title":"Sleep quality and cognitive decline in a community of older adults in Daqing City, China","volume":"17","author":"Niu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.05.012","article-title":"Sleep disturbances and dementia risk: a multicenter study","volume":"14","author":"Sindi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25166","article-title":"Sleep and cognitive decline: a prospective nondemented elderly cohort study","volume":"83","author":"Suh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-321896","article-title":"Sleep problems and risk of all-cause cognitive decline or dementia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"91","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2001.49271.x","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness is associated with 3-year incident dementia and cognitive decline in older Japanese-American men","volume":"49","author":"Foley","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00312","article-title":"Excessive sleepiness and longer nighttime in bed increase the risk of cognitive decline in frail elderly subjects: the MAPT-Sleep study","volume":"9","author":"Gabelle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.2070","article-title":"Excessive sleepiness is predictive of cognitive decline in the elderly","volume":"35","author":"Jaussent","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12803","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12803","article-title":"Sleep condition and cognitive decline in Japanese community-dwelling older people: data from a 4-year longitudinal study","volume":"28","author":"Nakakubo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1159\/000431311","article-title":"Daytime sleepiness and sleep inadequacy as risk factors for dementia","volume":"5","author":"Tsapanou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2018.1539401","article-title":"Short sleep and late bedtimes are detrimental to educational learning and knowledge transfer: an investigation of individual differences in susceptibility","volume":"36","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27730-5","article-title":"Social jetlag impairs balance control","volume":"8","author":"Umemura","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.3233\/WOR-162250","article-title":"Increased errors and decreased performance at night: a systematic review of the evidence concerning shift work and quality","volume":"53","author":"de Cordova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40914-x","article-title":"The impact of shift work on sleep, alertness and performance in healthcare workers","volume":"9","author":"Ganesan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i5210","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i5210","article-title":"Health consequences of shift work and insufficient sleep","volume":"355","author":"Kecklund","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-4115-4","article-title":"Night shift decreases cognitive performance of ICU physicians","volume":"42","author":"Maltese","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2013-101993","article-title":"Chronic effects of shift work on cognition: findings from the VISAT longitudinal study","volume":"72","author":"Marqui\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3638","article-title":"Shift work and cognitive aging: a longitudinal study","volume":"43","author":"Bokenberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt214","article-title":"Shift work and cognition in the nurses\u2019 health study","volume":"178","author":"Devore","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.03.016","article-title":"The epidemiologic study of dementia: a life-long quest?","volume":"26","author":"Launer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001779","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","article-title":"UK Biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age","volume":"12","author":"Sudlow","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0154222","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0154222","article-title":"Cognitive test scores in UK Biobank: data reduction in 480,416 participants and longitudinal stability in 20,346 participants","volume":"11","author":"Lyall","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.225","article-title":"Shared genetic aetiology between cognitive functions and physical and mental health in UK Biobank (N=112 151) and 24 GWAS consortia","volume":"21","author":"Hagenaars","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-018-1005-y","article-title":"Non-linear associations between sleep duration and the risks of mild cognitive impairment\/dementia and cognitive decline: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"31","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.08.021","article-title":"Self-reported sleep duration and cognitive performance in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Lo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0050","first-page":"843","article-title":"Recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: a joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society","volume":"38","author":"Watson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1933","article-title":"Night shift work, genetic risk, and type 2 diabetes in the UK Biobank","volume":"41","author":"Vetter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"issue":"2","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.2337\/db19-0606","article-title":"Assessment of MTNR1B type 2 diabetes genetic risk modification by shift work and morningness-eveningness preference in the UK Biobank","volume":"69","author":"Dashti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0053","volume-title":"Health and Deprivation: Inequality and The North","author":"Townsend","year":"1988"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","article-title":"A new look at the statistical model identification","volume":"19","author":"Akaike","year":"1974","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automat Contr"},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0055","article-title":"Sleep duration and brain structure \u2013 phenotypic associations and genotypic covariance","author":"Fjell","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqg046","article-title":"Shift work and disturbed sleep\/wakefulness","volume":"53","author":"Akerstedt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Occup Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.02.002","article-title":"Shift work and the assessment and management of shift work disorder (SWD)","volume":"17","author":"Wright","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/23.2.1b","article-title":"Differential effects of permanent and rotating shifts on self-report sleep length: a meta-analytic review","volume":"23","author":"Pilcher","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"10","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2020-0032","article-title":"Sleep timing, sleep consistency, and health in adults: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Chaput","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101657","article-title":"Physiological markers of sleep quality: a scoping review","volume":"64","author":"McCarter","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03171-4","article-title":"Irregular sleep\/wake patterns are associated with poorer academic performance and delayed circadian and sleep\/wake timing","volume":"7","author":"Phillips","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/29.9.1155","article-title":"Recommendations for a standard research assessment of insomnia","volume":"29","author":"Buysse","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.07.010","article-title":"The neurocognitive consequences of sleep restriction: a meta-analytic review","volume":"80","author":"Lowe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290701754158","article-title":"A time to think: circadian rhythms in human cognition","volume":"24","author":"Schmidt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cogn. Neuropsychol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx206","article-title":"Collider scope: when selection bias can substantially influence observed associations","volume":"47","author":"Munafo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"2023061309265231200_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m131","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m131","article-title":"Comparison of risk factor associations in UK Biobank against representative, general population based studies with conventional response rates: prospective cohort study and individual participant meta-analysis","volume":"368","author":"Batty","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"}],"container-title":["SLEEP"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsad093\/50050831\/zsad093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/46\/6\/zsad093\/50562087\/zsad093.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/46\/6\/zsad093\/50562087\/zsad093.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T02:59:10Z","timestamp":1702177150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsad093\/7099635"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsad093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,2]]},"article-number":"zsad093"}}