{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:22:16Z","timestamp":1792790536384,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1A2B2012280"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A2B2012280"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pathomechanism of restless legs syndrome (RLS) is related to brain iron deficiency and iron therapy is effective for RLS; however, the effect of iron therapy on human brain iron state has never been studied with magnetic resonance imaging. This study aimed to investigate the change of brain iron concentrations in patients with RLS after intravenous iron therapy using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We enrolled 31 RLS patients and 20 healthy controls. All participants underwent initial baseline (t0) assessment using brain magnetic resonance imaging, serum iron status, and sleep questionnaires including international RLS Study Group rating scale (IRLS). RLS patients underwent follow-up tests at 6 and 24 weeks (t1 and t2) after receiving 1000 mg ferric carboxymaltose. Iron content of region-of-interest on QSM images was measured for 13 neural substrates using the fixed-shaped method.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RLS symptoms evaluated using IRLS were significantly improved after iron treatment (t0: 29.7 \u00b1 6.5, t1: 19.5 \u00b1 8.5, t2: 21.3 \u00b1 10.1; p &amp;lt; .001). There was no significant difference in susceptibility values between the controls and RLS patients at t0. In the caudate nucleus, putamen, and pulvinar thalamus of RLS patients, the QSM values differed significantly for three timepoints (p = .035, .048, and .032, respectively). The post-hoc analysis revealed that the QSM values increased at t1 in the caudate nucleus (66.8 \u00b1 18.0 vs 76.4 \u00b1 16.6, p = .037) and decreased from t1 to t2 in the putamen (69.4 \u00b1 16.3 vs 62.5 \u00b1 13.6, p = .025). Changes in the QSM values for the pulvinar and caudate nuclei at t1 were positively and negatively correlated with symptomatic improvement, respectively (r = 0.361 and \u22120.466, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intravenous iron treatment results in changes in brain iron content which correlate to reductions in RLS severity. This suggests a connection between symptom improvement and the associated specific brain regions constituting the sensorimotor network.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T22:07:45Z","timestamp":1685570865000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Change of iron content in brain regions after intravenous iron therapy in restless legs syndrome: quantitative susceptibility mapping study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8451-6634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae-Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital , Suwon , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University Hospital , Suwon , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine , Suwon , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Sun","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Ick","family":"Byun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong , Seoul , Republic of 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