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However, P-waves can be observed not just during REM sleep, but also during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Recent studies have uncovered that P-waves are functionally coupled with hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SWRs) during NREM sleep. However, it remains unclear to what extent P-waves during NREM sleep share their characteristics with P-waves during REM sleep and how the functional coupling to P-waves modulates SWRs. Here, we address these issues by performing multiple types of electrophysiological recordings and fiber photometry in both sexes of mice. P-waves during NREM sleep share their waveform shapes and local neural ensemble dynamics at a short (~100 milliseconds) timescale with their REM sleep counterparts. However, the dynamics of mesopontine cholinergic neurons are distinct at a longer (~10 seconds) timescale: although P-waves are accompanied by cholinergic transients, the cholinergic tone gradually reduces before P-wave genesis during NREM sleep. While P-waves are coupled to hippocampal theta rhythms during REM sleep, P-waves during NREM sleep are accompanied by a rapid reduction in hippocampal ripple power. SWRs coupled with P-waves are short-lived and hippocampal neural firing is also reduced after P-waves. These results demonstrate that P-waves are part of coordinated sleep-related activity by functionally coupling with hippocampal ensembles in a state-dependent manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]],"date-time":"2023-07-21T08:57:23Z","timestamp":1689929843000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pontine Waves Accompanied by Short Hippocampal Sharp Wave-Ripples During Non-rapid Eye Movement Sleep"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2711-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomomi","family":"Tsunematsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan"},{"name":"Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University , Sendai 980 -, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumire","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University , Sendai 980 -, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8287-9095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirna","family":"Merkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6796-411X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuzo","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde , Glasgow , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2023090806294218100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0223-4","article-title":"Oscillating circuitries in the sleeping brain","volume":"20","author":"Adamantidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"2023090806294218100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00032.2011","article-title":"Control of sleep and wakefulness","volume":"92","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"issue":"10","key":"2023090806294218100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22488","article-title":"Hippocampal sharp wave-ripple: a cognitive biomarker for episodic memory and 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