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This study aimed to evaluate the associations and causal effects of sleep traits including insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and sleep duration (short: &amp;lt;7 h; normal: 7\u20139 h; long: \u22659 h), with levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1), and interleukins.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Standard procedures of quantitative analysis were applied to estimate the expression differences for each protein in compared groups. Then, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to explore their causal relationships with published genome-wide association study summary statistics. The inverse-variance weighted was used as the primary method, followed by several complementary approaches as sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 44 publications with 51 879 participants were included in the quantitative analysis. Our results showed that the levels of CRP, interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), IL-6, and TNF-\u03b1 were higher from 0.36 to 0.58 (after standardization) in insomnia compared with controls, while there was no significant difference between participants with EDS and controls. Besides, there was a U\/J-shaped expression of CRP and IL-6 with sleep durations. In MR analysis, the primary results demonstrated the causal effects of CRP on sleep duration (estimate: 0.017; 95% confidence intervals [CI], [0.003, 0.031]) and short sleep duration (estimate: \u22120.006; 95% CI, [\u22120.011, \u22120.001]). Also, IL-6 was found to be associated with long sleep duration (estimate: 0.006; 95% CI, [0.000, 0.013]). These results were consistent in sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are high inflammatory profiles in insomnia and extremes of sleep duration. Meanwhile, elevated CRP and IL-6 have causal effects on longer sleep duration. Further studies can focus on related upstream and downstream mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,3]],"date-time":"2023-08-03T15:52:26Z","timestamp":1691077946000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["The causal associations of altered inflammatory proteins with sleep duration, insomnia and daytime sleepiness"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0577-7129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha , 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