{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:13:01Z","timestamp":1793059981050,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697068800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Vision Research Grant","award":["01.611.44920"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.611.44920"]}]},{"name":"Caring Futures Institute Near Miss","award":["01.730.13255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01.730.13255"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the differences in melatonin circadian timing and output, sleep characteristics, and cognitive function in myopic and non-myopic (or emmetropic) children, aged 8\u201315 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-six myopes (refractive error [mean\u2005\u00b1\u2005standard error mean] \u22122.06\u2005\u00b1\u20050.23 diopters) and 19 emmetropes (\u22120.06\u2005\u00b1\u20050.04 diopters), aged 11.74\u2005\u00b1\u20052.31 years were recruited. Circadian timing was assessed using salivary dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), collected half-hourly for 7 hours, beginning 5 hours before and finishing 2 hours after individual average sleep onset in a sleep laboratory. Nocturnal melatonin output was assessed via aMT6s levels from urine voids collected from 05:30 pm to 8:00 am the following morning. Actigraphy-derived objective sleep timing were acquired for a week prior to the sleep laboratory visit. Cognitive assessments of sustained attention (using psychomotor vigilance task [PVT]) and working memory (using digit spans) were performed on the night of sleep laboratory.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myopic children (9:07 pm\u2005\u00b1\u200514 minutes) exhibited a DLMO phase-delay of 1 hour 8 minutes compared to emmetropes (7:59 pm\u2005\u00b1\u200513 minutes), p\u2005=\u20050.002. aMT6s melatonin levels were significantly lower among myopes (18.70\u2005\u00b1\u20052.38) than emmetropes (32.35\u2005\u00b1\u20056.93, p\u2005=\u20050.001). Myopes also exhibited significantly delayed sleep onset, delayed wake-up time, poor and reduced sleep, and more evening-type diurnal preference than emmetropes (all p\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05). Finally, myopes showed a slower reaction time in the PVT (p\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.05), but not digit span tasks at night.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest a potential association between circadian rhythm dysfunction and myopia in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsad265","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T23:42:39Z","timestamp":1697067759000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Delayed melatonin circadian timing, lower melatonin output, and sleep disruptions in myopic, or short-sighted, children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Ranjay","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Myopia and Visual Development Lab , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Seby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Myopia and Visual Development Lab , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0707-8068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Myopia and Visual Development Lab , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Kemps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, College of Education, Psychology and Social Work , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Anstice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Myopia and Visual Development Lab , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilia","family":"Juers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Myopia and Visual Development Lab , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-6658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Lovato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute: Sleep Health , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepa A","family":"Taranath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University , Adelaide, SA , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon 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