{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:56:05Z","timestamp":1793386565575,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL072067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL072067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a major symptom of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Traditional polysomnographic (PSG) measures only partially explain EDS in OSA. This study analyzed traditional and novel PSG characteristics of two different measures of EDS among patients with OSA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (&amp;gt;10 points defined as \u201crisk of dozing\u201d) and a measure of general sleepiness (feeling sleepy\u2005\u2265\u20053 times\/week defined as \u201cfeeling sleepy\u201d). Four sleepiness phenotypes were identified: \u201cnon-sleepy,\u201d \u201crisk of dozing only,\u201d \u201cfeeling sleepy only,\u201d and \u201cboth at risk of dozing and feeling sleepy.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altogether, 2083 patients with OSA (69% male) with an apnea\u2013hypopnea index (AHI)\u2005\u2265\u20055 events\/hour were studied; 46% were \u201cnon-sleepy,\u201d 26% at \u201crisk of dozing only,\u201d 7% were \u201cfeeling sleepy only,\u201d and 21% reported both. The two phenotypes at \u201crisk of dozing\u201d had higher AHI, more severe hypoxemia (as measured by oxygen desaturation index, minimum and average oxygen saturation [SpO2], time spent\u2005&amp;lt;\u200590% SpO2, and hypoxic impacts) and they spent less time awake, had shorter sleep latency, and higher heart rate response to arousals than \u201cnon-sleepy\u201d and \u201cfeeling sleepy only\u201d phenotypes. While statistically significant, effect sizes were small. Sleep stages, frequency of arousals, wake after sleep onset and limb movement did not differ between sleepiness phenotypes after adjusting for confounders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a large international group of patients with OSA, PSG characteristics were weakly associated with EDS. The physiological measures differed among individuals characterized as \u201crisk of dozing\u201d or \u201cnon-sleepy,\u201d while \u201cfeeling sleepy only\u201d did not differ from \u201cnon-sleepy\u201d individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:36:39Z","timestamp":1706747799000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Polysomnographic characteristics of excessive daytime sleepiness phenotypes in obstructive sleep apnea: results from the international sleep apnea global interdisciplinary consortium"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6561-3746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elin H","family":"Thorarinsdottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Primary Health Care of the Capital Area, Department of Family Medicine , Reykjavik ,","place":["Iceland"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iceland , Reykjavik ,","place":["Iceland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2879-0484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan I","family":"Pack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6773-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorarinn","family":"Gislason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Iceland , Reykjavik ,","place":["Iceland"]},{"name":"Sleep Department, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjavik ,","place":["Iceland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel T","family":"Kuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-0112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Penzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Center of Sleep Medicine, Charit\u00e9 University Hospital , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Yun Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7920-4924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A","family":"Cistulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5052-2494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulysses J","family":"Magalang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center , Columbus, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-8569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nigel","family":"McArdle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Western Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, WA ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital , Nedlands, WA 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