{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:19:45Z","timestamp":1790806785649,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,29]],"date-time":"2024-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320030_185362"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320030_185362"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001711","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32003B_215721"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32003B_215721"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001711","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016879","name":"UCB Biopharma SRL","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS-2017-120409"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS-2017-120409"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016879","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011096","name":"Jazz Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IST-18-10975"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IST-18-10975"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011096","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The Swiss Primary Hypersomnolence and Narcolepsy Cohort Study (SPHYNCS) is a multicenter research initiative to identify new biomarkers in central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH). Whereas narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is well characterized, other CDH disorders lack precise biomarkers. In SPHYNCS, we utilized Fitbit smartwatches to monitor physical activity, heart rate, and sleep parameters over 1 year. We examined the feasibility of long-term ambulatory monitoring using the wearable device. We then explored digital biomarkers differentiating patients with NT1 from healthy controls (HC). A total of 115 participants received a Fitbit smartwatch. Using a adherence metric to evaluate the usability of the wearable device, we found an overall adherence rate of 80% over 1 year. We calculated daily physical activity, heart rate, and sleep parameters from 2 weeks of greatest adherence to compare NT1 (n\u2005=\u200520) and HC (n\u2005=\u20059) participants. Compared to controls, NT1 patients demonstrated findings consistent with increased sleep fragmentation, including significantly greater wake-after-sleep onset (p\u2005=\u2005.007) and awakening index (p\u2005=\u2005.025), as well as standard deviation of time in bed (p\u2005=\u2005.044). Moreover, NT1 patients exhibited a significantly shorter REM latency (p\u2005=\u2005.019), and sleep latency (p\u2005=\u2005.001), as well as a lower peak heart rate (p\u2005=\u2005.008), heart rate standard deviation (p\u2005=\u2005.039) and high-intensity activity (p\u2005=\u2005.009) compared to HC. This ongoing study demonstrates the feasibility of long-term monitoring with wearable technology in patients with CDH and potentially identifies a digital biomarker profile for NT1. While further validation is needed in larger datasets, these data suggest that long-term wearable technology may play a future role in diagnosing and managing narcolepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T06:57:01Z","timestamp":1711609021000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The Swiss Primary Hypersomnolence and Narcolepsy Cohort Study: feasibility of long-term monitoring with Fitbit smartwatches in central disorders of hypersomnolence and extraction of digital biomarkers in narcolepsy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6008-2437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oriella","family":"Gnarra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"},{"name":"Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1913-5146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"van der Meer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6852-4191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan D","family":"Warncke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Livia G","family":"Fregolente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6231-3358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Wenz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kseniia","family":"Zub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uchendu","family":"Nwachukwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0184-8882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"},{"name":"Clinic Barmelweid, Center for Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research , Barmelweid , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramin","family":"Khatami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School of Health Sciences, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"},{"name":"Clinic Barmelweid, Center for Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research , Barmelweid , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"von Manitius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic Barmelweid, Center for Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research , Barmelweid , Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Neurology , Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Miano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology , Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen , Switzerland"},{"name":"Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana, Sleep Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civico , Lugano , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Acker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana, Sleep Medicine Unit, Ospedale Civico , Lugano , Switzerland"},{"name":"Clinic for Sleep Medicine , Bad Zurzach , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathias","family":"Strub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Sleep Medicine , Bad Zurzach , Switzerland"},{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Schlafmedizin Basel , Basel , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Riener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zurich , Switzerland"},{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Schlafmedizin Basel , Basel , Switzerland"},{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist , Zurich , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio L A","family":"Bassetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3299-1318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus H","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sleep-Wake Epilepsy Center, NeuroTec, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland"},{"name":"Spinal Cord Injury Center, University Hospital Balgrist , Zurich , Switzerland"},{"name":"Ohio Sleep Medicine Institute , Dublin , 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