{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T01:35:29Z","timestamp":1785288929823,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23 NS104267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23 NS104267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Jazz Pharmaceuticals and Harmony Biosciences"},{"name":"Jazz"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017629","name":"Harmony Biosciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017629","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Disrupted nighttime sleep is common in pediatric narcolepsy type 1, yet its cognitive impact is unknown. As N2 sleep spindles are necessary for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, we hypothesized that narcolepsy type 1 impairs memory consolidation via N2 sleep fragmentation and N2 sleep spindle alterations.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We trained 28 pediatric narcolepsy type 1 participants and 27 healthy controls (HCs) on a spatial declarative memory task before a nocturnal in-lab polysomnogram and then gave them a cued recall test upon awakening in the morning. We extracted wake and sleep stage bout numbers and N2 spindle characteristics from the polysomnogram and conducted mixed model analysis of sleep-dependent memory consolidation to identify group differences.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Narcolepsy type 1 participants had shorter N2 bout durations and associated shorter N2 spindles versus HC, but other N2 spindle features were similar. Narcolepsy type 1 participants had worse memory performance postsleep than HCs after adjusting for age and gender (mean memory consolidation HC: \u22123.1%\u2005\u00b1\u200518.7, NT1: \u221215.6\u2005\u00b1\u200524.8, main effect group\u2005\u00d7\u2005time of testing F\u2005=\u20055.3, p\u2005=\u2005.03). We did not find significant relationships between sleep-dependent memory consolidation and N2 spindle characteristics. Notably, increased N1% was associated with worse sleep-dependent memory consolidation with results driven by the narcolepsy type 1 group.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Sleep-dependent memory consolidation is mildly impaired in youth with narcolepsy type 1 and findings may be attributed to increases in N1 sleep. Further studies are needed to determine if these findings are generalizable and reversible with sleep-based therapies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae238","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,18]],"date-time":"2024-10-18T06:58:41Z","timestamp":1729234721000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Impaired sleep-dependent memory consolidation in pediatric narcolepsy type 1"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4073-4036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran","family":"Maski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Department of Neurology, , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gillian","family":"Heckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Department of Neurology, , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Worhach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Department of Neurology, , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Mylonas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Psychiatry, , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Athinoula A. 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Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, , Golden, CO ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Department of Pediatrics, , Aurora, CO ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas E","family":"Scammell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Department of Neurology, , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3971-744X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Stickgold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Department of Psychiatry, , Boston, MA 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