{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:17:49Z","timestamp":1787235469803,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adolescence is characterized by later sleep onset and wake times, indicating a shift to an evening chronotype. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in adults show chronotype is polygenic and causally linked to depression, schizophrenia, and cognitive function. Yet, the impact of genetics on adolescent chronotype remains largely unexplored, and biological factors influencing the predictive relationship between genetics and chronotype have not been well-defined. This study aims to assess the utility of polygenic scores (PGS) derived from adult GWAS in predicting adolescent chronotype, mental health, and cognition while considering sex- and puberty-dependent effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generalized linear models were used to assess the relationship between PGS for chronotype and self-reported chronotype, mental health, and cognition in 2411 youths of European ancestry aged 10\u201313 years. Interaction terms assessed whether the genotype\u2013phenotype relationships varied by sex or pubertal development. Statistical significance was determined using a likelihood ratio test.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant sex- and puberty-dependent effects were observed. Higher PGS for morningness concordantly predicted earlier self-reported chronotype, but in female youth only. Follow-up analyses showed that sex-specific effects were mediated by the interaction between PGS and pubertal status. Greater genetic predisposition for morningness was negatively associated with somnolence and cognition in males and negatively associated with psychotic-like experiences in females.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The influence of genetic predisposition for early versus late chronotype on adolescent sleep-wake behavior emerges as puberty progresses. These findings suggest puberty is a critical transition when genetic variants associated with chronotype in adults become relevant to pediatric cohorts.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T08:04:08Z","timestamp":1743667448000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genetic prediction of early adolescent chronotype: effects of sex and pubertal status"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Leanna M","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Sruthi","family":"Amirtha Ganesh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J","family":"Gandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and the Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J","family":"Fuligni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.07.005","article-title":"Epidemiology of the human circadian clock","volume":"11","author":"Roenneberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/0748730402239679","article-title":"Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes","author":"Roenneberg","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2012.04.003","article-title":"The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: adolescent chronotype","volume":"33","author":"Hagenauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1159\/000216538","article-title":"Adolescent changes in the homeostatic and circadian regulation of sleep","volume":"31","author":"Hagenauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2019.11.002","article-title":"The need for sleep in the adolescent brain","volume":"24","author":"Galv\u00e1n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2006.12.002","article-title":"Sleep, circadian rhythms, and delayed phase in adolescence","volume":"8","author":"Crowley","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-014-0176-x","article-title":"Adolescents\u2019 electronic media use at night, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms in the smartphone age","volume":"44","author":"Lemola","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.019","article-title":"The independent relationships between insomnia, depression, subtypes of anxiety, and chronotype during adolescence","volume":"15","author":"Alvaro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22682","article-title":"The relationship between depression and chronotype: a longitudinal assessment during childhood and adolescence","volume":"34","author":"Haraden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.021","article-title":"The relationship between chronotype and depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis","volume":"218","author":"Au","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1080\/07420528.2017.1295050","article-title":"Associations of common noncommunicable medical conditions and chronic diseases with chronotype in a population-based health examination study","volume":"34","author":"Basnet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.07.020","article-title":"Chronotype in individuals with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis","volume":"235","author":"Linke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2021.07.034","article-title":"Eveningness chronotype preference among individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis","volume":"236","author":"Lunsford-Avery","year":"2021","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2016.06.007","article-title":"Chronotype and circadian rhythm in bipolar disorder: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Melo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0344-8","article-title":"Identification of common genetic risk variants for autism spectrum disorder","volume":"51","author":"Grove","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0016","volume-title":"The Promise of Adolescence: Realizing Opportunity for All Youth","author":"National Academies of Sciences E and M, Health and Medicine Division, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children Y and F, Committee on the Neurobiological and Socio-behavioral Science of Adolescent Development and Its Applications","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08259-7","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses of chronotype in 697,828 individuals provides insights into circadian rhythms","volume":"10","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10448","article-title":"GWAS of 89,283 individuals identifies genetic variants associated with self-reporting of being a morning person","volume":"7","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10889","article-title":"Genome-wide association analysis identifies novel loci for chronotype in 100,420 individuals from the UK Biobank","volume":"7","author":"Lane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/da.22995","article-title":"Stability of chronotype over a 7-year follow-up period and its association with severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms","volume":"37","author":"Druiven","year":"2020","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3390\/CLOCKSSLEEP5010002","article-title":"Portability of polygenic risk scores for sleep duration, insomnia and chronotype in 33,493 individuals","volume":"5","author":"Perki\u00f6","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clocks Sleep."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2018.04.004","article-title":"Recruiting the ABCD sample: design considerations and procedures","volume":"32","author":"Garavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 3","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S54","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182872ded","article-title":"Cognition assessment using the NIH toolbox","volume":"80","author":"Weintraub","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2017.10.010","article-title":"Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: rationale and description","volume":"32","author":"Barch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcn.2021.101031","article-title":"Demographic and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: updates and age-related trajectories","volume":"52","author":"Barch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022-3514.67.2.319","article-title":"Behavioral inhibition, behavioral activation, and affective responses to impending reward and punishment: the BIS\/BAS scales","volume":"67","author":"Carver","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0027","volume-title":"The Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA): Development, Findings, Theory and Applications","author":"Achenbach","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v69n0517","article-title":"Developing a 10-item mania scale from the parent general behavior inventory for children and adolescents","volume":"69","author":"Youngstrom","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.03.029","article-title":"Psychosis risk screening with the Prodromal Questionnaire \u2014 Brief Version (PQ-B)","volume":"129","author":"Loewy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Schizophr Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1996.00251.x","article-title":"The Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) Construct ion and validation of an instrument to evaluate sleep disturbances in childhood and adolescence","volume":"5","author":"Bruni","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0031","volume-title":"Development of the Short Form of the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale","author":"Lynam","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01537962","article-title":"A self-report measure of pubertal status: reliability, validity, and initial norms","volume":"17","author":"Petersen","year":"198817","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"issue":"7571","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15393","article-title":"A global reference for human genetic variation","volume":"526","author":"Auton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656","article-title":"Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods","volume":"48","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0379-x591","article-title":"Clinical use of current polygenic risk scores may exacerbate health disparities","volume":"51","author":"Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses","volume":"81","author":"Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.11.011","article-title":"GCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis","volume":"88","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09718-5","article-title":"Polygenic prediction via Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors","volume":"10","author":"Ge","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2018.04.015","article-title":"Circadian preference and sleep timing from childhood to adolescence in relation to genetic variants from a genome-wide association study","author":"Merikanto","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.32-7-281","article-title":"Normal pubertal development: Part I: the endocrine basis of puberty","volume":"32","author":"Bordini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev."},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)61042-9","article-title":"Regulation of gene expression by steroid hormones","volume":"43","author":"Cato","year":"1992","journal-title":"Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol C"},{"key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/0039-128X(96)00030-X","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation","volume-title":"Steroids","author":"Beato","year":"1996"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90237-7","article-title":"Gene regulation by steroid hormones","volume":"56","author":"Beato","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.14184","article-title":"Modulation of circadian rhythms through estrogen receptor signaling","volume":"51","author":"Hatcher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci."},{"issue":"6631","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add0846","article-title":"Sex-dimorphic and age-dependent organization of 24-hour gene expression rhythms in humans","volume":"379","author":"Talamanca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science (1979)"},{"issue":"24","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25694","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203788","article-title":"Age-dependent expression changes of circadian system-related genes reveal a potentially conserved link to aging","volume":"13","author":"Barth","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aging (Milano)."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111982","article-title":"Defining the age-dependent and tissue-specific circadian transcriptome in male mice","volume":"42","author":"Wolff","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1508249112","article-title":"Effects of aging on circadian patterns of gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0001027","article-title":"Bedtime parenting practices and sensitivity are associated with young children\u2019s sleep","volume":"36","author":"Philbrook","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Fam Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.5665\/SLEEP.1052","article-title":"Time for bed: parent-set bedtimes associated with improved sleep and daytime functioning in adolescents","volume":"34","author":"Short","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1007\/s40675-018-0113-8","article-title":"Chronotype and psychiatric disorders","volume":"4","author":"Kivel\u00e4","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Sleep Med Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3749","article-title":"Genome-wide association analyses of sleep disturbance traits identify new loci and highlight shared genetics with neuropsychiatric and metabolic traits","volume":"49","author":"Lane","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2513","article-title":"Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence","volume":"9","author":"Paus","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0178782","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178782","article-title":"Chronotypes in the US \u2013 influence of age and sex","volume":"12","author":"Fischer","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0055","first-page":"97","article-title":"A self assessment questionnaire to determine Morningness Eveningness in human circadian rhythms","volume":"4","author":"Horne","year":"1976","journal-title":"Int J Chronobiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/07487304211030420","article-title":"Compared heritability of chronotype instruments in a single population sample","volume":"36","author":"Leocadio-Miguel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Rhythms."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025061301515765000_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsgos.2021.12.011","article-title":"Decoupling sleep and brain size in childhood: an investigation of genetic covariation in the adolescent brain cognitive development study","volume":"3","author":"Hernandez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci."}],"container-title":["SLEEP"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf094\/62914926\/zsaf094.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/48\/6\/zsaf094\/62914926\/zsaf094.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/48\/6\/zsaf094\/62914926\/zsaf094.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T01:52:06Z","timestamp":1749779526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf094\/8111498"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf094","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"article-number":"zsaf094"}}