{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T12:56:09Z","timestamp":1785329769762,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"Restless Legs Syndrome and the Melanocortin System","award":["W81XWH2010003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH2010003"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The pathobiology of restless legs syndrome (RLS) remains poorly understood, complicating effective treatment. This observational cross-sectional study aimed to identify a cerebrospinal fluid proteomic signature of RLS and to explore sex-specific differences in cerebrospinal fluid proteomics.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected from 22 untreated RLS patients and 18 controls, matched for age, body mass index, and sex. Proteomic analysis was conducted using the SOMAscan platform, assessing over 7000 peptides.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Eight proteins were differentially abundant between patients and controls, with CRP and JAML increased, and TAPBPL and IL1RL1 decreased. Pathway analysis highlighted significant involvement in immune response, coagulation, and cytoskeletal regulation. Analyses were then carried out using sex stratification, comparing men and women separately. Sex-specific analyses revealed more pronounced proteomic alterations in males (68 differentially abundant proteins vs. control males) than in females (17 proteins). Gene enrichment analysis revealed that men with RLS had more involvement in gene regulation and epigenetic factors than control males and women with restless legs syndrome had greater involvement in systemic inflammatory and vascular processes than control females.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study identified a cerebrospinal fluid proteomic signature in RLS, implicating immune and inflammatory pathways in the disease\u2019s pathophysiology. Significant sex differences in protein level suggest potential sex-specific mechanisms in RLS, warranting further investigation. These findings contribute to the current understanding of RLS and could inform future therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T05:43:15Z","timestamp":1745818995000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sex differences in cerebrospinal fluid proteomics of patients with restless legs syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Maria P","family":"Mogavero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Sleep Disorders Center , Milan 20127 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, IN ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Marchese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomix4Life Srl , Baronissi 84081 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Genome Research Center for Health-CRGS , Baronissi 84081 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5659-662X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Lanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS , Troina 94018 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania , Catania 95123 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Ferini-Strambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vita-Salute San Raffaele University , Milan 20132 ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Sleep Disorders Center , Milan 20127 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6937-3065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Ferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Neurophysiology Research Unit, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS , Troina 94018 ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian B","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Yale University , New Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Connecticut Veterans Affairs Healthcare System , West Haven, CT ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.11.1286","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study","volume":"165","author":"Allen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00311-z","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Manconi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2021.10.025","article-title":"Morphological analysis of the brain subcortical gray structures in restless legs syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Mogavero","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.09.006","article-title":"Circadian changes in CSF dopaminergic measures in restless legs syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Earley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-8118-10-20","article-title":"Proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with restless legs syndrome\/Willis-Ekbom disease","volume":"10","author":"Patton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2004.00403.x","article-title":"CSF iron, ferritin and transferrin levels in restless legs syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Mizuno","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4113","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.8b00300","article-title":"Deep dive on the proteome of human cerebrospinal fluid: a valuable data resource for biomarker discovery and missing protein identification","volume":"17","author":"Macron","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Proteome Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2022.100661","article-title":"Proteome profiling of cerebrospinal fluid reveals biomarker candidates for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"3","author":"Karayel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e9356","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20199356","article-title":"Proteome profiling in cerebrospinal fluid reveals novel biomarkers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Bader","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Syst Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16032","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016032","article-title":"Identification and validation of novel cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for staging early Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Perrin","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1080\/10408363.2017.1299682","article-title":"Insights into the human brain proteome: disclosing the biological meaning of protein networks in cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"54","author":"Bastos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci."},{"issue":"16","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9299","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169299","article-title":"biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases: proteomics spotlight on ALS and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Raghunathan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.8b00308","article-title":"Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid via data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry","volume":"17","author":"Barkovits","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Proteome Res."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564446","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.564446","article-title":"Recent developments in data independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry: application of quantitative analysis of the brain proteome","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201300187","article-title":"Beyond antibodies: new affinity reagents to unlock the proteome","volume":"14","author":"Lollo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.01.024","article-title":"Changes in time structure of periodic leg movements during sleep in restless legs syndrome: effects of sex and age","volume":"115","author":"Mogavero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109568","article-title":"Unveiling the pathophysiology of restless legs syndrome through transcriptome analysis","volume":"27","author":"Mogavero","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12896","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12896","article-title":"Peculiar lifespan changes of periodic leg movements during sleep in restless legs syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Ferri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2024.08.023","article-title":"Exploring sex differences in periodic leg movements during sleep across the lifespan of patients with restless legs syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Mogavero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14311","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14311","article-title":"Sex-based disparities in dopamine agonist response in patients with restless legs syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Mogavero","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.03.025","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome\/Willis-Ekbom disease diagnostic criteria: updated International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) consensus criteria\u2014history, rationale, description, and significance","volume":"15","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26876","article-title":"The melanocortin and endorphin neuropeptides in patients with restless legs syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Koo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Neurol."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24277-4_9","article-title":"Data analysis","volume-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"issue":"43","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xinn.2021.100141","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: a universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation (Camb)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt703","article-title":"Causal analysis approaches in ingenuity pathway analysis","volume":"30","author":"Kr\u00e4mer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.147","article-title":"ggplot2","volume":"3","author":"H","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0028","volume-title":"ggvenn: Draw Venn Diagram by \u201cggplot2.\u201d","author":"Yan","year":"2021"},{"issue":"18","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw313","article-title":"Complex heatmaps reveal patterns and correlations in multidimensional genomic data","volume":"32","author":"Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M800462-MCP200","article-title":"Normalization and statistical analysis of quantitative proteomics data generated by metabolic labeling*","volume":"8","author":"Ting","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Cell Proteomics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp053","article-title":"Testing significance relative to a fold-change threshold is a TREAT","volume":"25","author":"McCarthy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200805061","article-title":"JAM-L-mediated leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is regulated in cis by alpha4beta1 integrin activation","volume":"183","author":"Luissint","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200204)32:4&lt;1059::AID-IMMU1059&gt;3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"A human TAPBP (TAPASIN)-related gene, TAPBP-R","volume":"32","author":"Teng","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol."},{"issue":"8","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwp052","article-title":"Deletion polymorphism of SIGLEC14 and its functional implications","volume":"19","author":"Yamanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glycobiology."},{"issue":"10","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4208","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67119","article-title":"Common genetic variation at the IL1RL1 locus regulates IL-33\/ST2 signaling","volume":"123","author":"Ho","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Invest."},{"issue":"12","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddab372","article-title":"Systematic identification of genomic elements that regulate FCGR2A expression and harbor variants linked with autoimmune disease","volume":"31","author":"Dahlqvist","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2022.101744","article-title":"Inflammatory factors and restless legs syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Jimenez-Jimenez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2009.07.030","article-title":"Structure and function of the blood-brain barrier","volume":"37","author":"Abbott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294869","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1294869","article-title":"Editorial: the innate and adaptive immune system in human urinary system","volume":"14","author":"Behzadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171930","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1171930","article-title":"Getting cells into shape by calcium-dependent actin cross-linking proteins","volume":"11","author":"Lehne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-017-0586-7","article-title":"Disease of mRNA regulation: relevance for ischemic brain injury","volume":"9","author":"DeGracia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2014.05.009","article-title":"Altered brain iron homeostasis and dopaminergic function in restless legs syndrome (Willis-Ekbom disease)","volume":"15","author":"Earley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-024-01763-1","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analyses of restless legs syndrome yield insights into genetic architecture, disease biology and risk prediction","volume":"56","author":"Schormair","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Genet."},{"issue":"9","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00886-6","article-title":"Genomic atlas of the proteome from brain, CSF and plasma prioritizes proteins implicated in neurological disorders","volume":"24","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.14254","article-title":"Intersection of sleep disorders and parkinson disease: unveiling the bidirectional relationship","volume":"12","author":"Antelmi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01191-z","article-title":"Restless leg syndrome and risk of all-cause dementia: a nationwide retrospective cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"14","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5065","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145065","article-title":"Mast cell beta-tryptase is enzymatically stabilized by DNA","volume":"21","author":"Alanazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-020-03579-8","article-title":"An overview of signaling pathways regulating YAP\/TAZ activity","volume":"78","author":"Heng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4176","article-title":"Synaptic adhesion molecule IgSF11 regulates synaptic transmission and plasticity","volume":"19","author":"Jang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1425168","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1425168","article-title":"C-reactive protein: structure, function, regulation, and role in clinical diseases","volume":"15","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0051","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20200559","article-title":"Regulation of MST complexes and activity via SARAH domain modifications","volume":"49","author":"Karchugina","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0052","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.09.022","article-title":"Forward genetics identifies Kdf1\/1810019J16Rik as an essential regulator of the proliferation-differentiation decision in epidermal progenitor cells","volume":"383","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dev Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0053","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11050884","article-title":"Sex-related differences in cerebrospinal fluid plasma-derived proteins of neurological patients","volume":"11","author":"Castellazzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0054","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1210\/ME.2015-1124","article-title":"17beta-estradiol ameliorates tight junction disruption via repression of MMP transcription","volume":"29","author":"Na","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0055","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2019.100788","article-title":"Neurosteroids as regulators of neuroinflammation","volume":"55","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0056","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12875","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12875","article-title":"Gender differences in clinical, laboratory and polysomnographic features of restless legs syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Holzknecht","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0057","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.10848","article-title":"Sex-specific patterns of discomfort in patients with restless legs syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0058","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8216","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome is associated with mast cell activation syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Weinstock","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-01875-1","article-title":"Restless abdomen: a spectrum or a phenotype variant of restless legs syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0060","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-019-08769-2","article-title":"Mast cell biology at molecular level: a comprehensive review","volume":"58","author":"Elieh Ali Komi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31126","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.31126","article-title":"Neuropathological and transcriptomic characteristics of the aged brain","volume":"6","author":"Miller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0062","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws266","article-title":"Abnormal medial thalamic metabolism in patients with idiopathic restless legs syndrome","volume":"135","author":"Rizzo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0063","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.30125","article-title":"Evidence of involvement of the calcitonin gene-related peptide in restless legs syndrome","author":"Mogavero","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mov Disord."},{"issue":"1S","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleh.2023.06.008","article-title":"Proteomic insights into the pathophysiology of periodic limb movements and restless legs syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Cederberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Health"},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0065","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2020.09.002","article-title":"Bioinformatic analysis of proteomic data for iron, inflammation, and hypoxic pathways in restless legs syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Shin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sleep Med."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0066","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S311801","article-title":"Searching for novel candidate biomarkers of RLS in blood by proteomic analysis","volume":"13","author":"Mondello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0067","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000223316.53428.c9","article-title":"Restless legs syndrome: revisiting the dopamine hypothesis from the spinal cord perspective","volume":"67","author":"Clemens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0068","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106232","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of neurotransmitter signaling in neurological disorders","volume":"184","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0069","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142723","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1142723","article-title":"Sex and gender influence on immunity and autoimmunity","volume":"14","author":"Lahita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0070","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.117269","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk factors and implications for cardiovascular disease prevention in women","volume":"384","author":"Rajendran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0071","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.5665\/sleep.5966","article-title":"Silent cerebral small vessel disease in restless legs syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Ferri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"7","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0072","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14201","article-title":"EAN\/ERS\/ESO\/ESRS statement on the impact of sleep disorders on risk and outcome of stroke","volume":"27","author":"Bassetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol."},{"issue":"3","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0073","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsx013","article-title":"Incident cardiovascular events and death in individuals with restless legs syndrome or periodic limb movements in sleep: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Kendzerska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sleep."},{"issue":"2","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0074","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12492","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12492","article-title":"Past, present and future of epigenetics in brain sexual differentiation","volume":"30","author":"Forger","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2025082001264359200_CIT0075","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2007-0001","article-title":"The complex role of estrogens in inflammation","volume":"28","author":"Straub","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."}],"container-title":["SLEEP"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf112\/63018777\/zsaf112.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/48\/8\/zsaf112\/63018777\/zsaf112.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article-pdf\/48\/8\/zsaf112\/63018777\/zsaf112.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T05:26:48Z","timestamp":1755667608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/sleep\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf112\/8120875"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf112","relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-8105","1550-9109"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"1550-9109","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"article-number":"zsaf112"}}