{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T04:07:47Z","timestamp":1793678867484,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Smartphones are integral to modern life, yet their influence on sleep and circadian rhythms are not fully understood, partly due to the many confounding factors in industrialized settings. The Toba\/Qom from northern Argentina, a preindustrial group in which smartphones have only been introduced recently, offer a natural experiment to study the role of these devices in modulating biological rhythms and sleep. We recorded sleep through longitudinal wrist actigraphy from 100 participants in three Toba\/Qom communities (age range\u2009=\u200912\u201349 y.o., 54% females) for 30\u201360\u00a0days at five different points between October 2023 and June 2025. The analysis of 8407 actigraphic sleep events revealed that smartphone users (61%\u201382% across data collection campaigns) exhibited a later sleep onset (+13\u00a0min, 95% CI: 6\u201320, p &amp;lt;.001) and a shorter sleep duration (\u221222 [\u221229, \u221214] min, p &amp;lt;.001) than non-users. This delay was supported by two mechanisms: (1) a physiological sustained shift, evidenced by a later dim-light melatonin onset in smartphone users (+34 min, 95% CI: 6\u201362, p =.017); and (2) an acute nightly pattern, as users displayed later sleep acutely on nights on which they reported using their smartphones at bedtime (+12 min, 95% CI: 2\u201321, p =.016). These findings confirm that smartphone-related sleep disruption is a multifaceted phenomenon involving both circadian physiology and behavioral changes. By focusing on an indigenous population slowly acquiring industrialized-world features, this study offers rare insight into the impact of digital integration on sleep health, with implications for human physiology and psychology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsag039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T12:46:13Z","timestamp":1770986773000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Smartphone use is associated with later and shorter actigraphic sleep, and circadian clock delays in an indigenous Toba\/Qom community"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4126-2125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Luc\u00eda","family":"Trebucq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Interdisciplinario del Tiempo (LITERA), Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida y del Comportamiento, Universidad de San Andr\u00e9s, Victoria , Buenos Aires 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